MODULE 2: PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR

Neuron

basic unit of the nervous system

motor neurons

neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

sensory neurons

transmit signal from sense organs to brain and spinal chord

local neurons

neurons without an axon exchange information with only their closest neighbors

interneuron

a neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another over a long distance

Dendrites

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

cell body

core section of neuron that contains genetic infromation

Axon

A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

terminal buttons

The branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters.

Synapse

the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Depolarization

The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive.

Acetylcholine

neurotransmitter that is responsible for muscle control

Catecholamines

responsible for body's fight or flight response

Dopamine

responsible for movement and emotional bhevaior

Schizophrenia

abnormal interpretation of reality

Parkinson's disease

involuntary movement

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

important inhibitory transmitter

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

somatic nervous system

associated with voluntary control of the body movement through skeletal muscles

autonomic nervous system

regulates involuntary process of internal organs

sympathetic nervous system

a division of peripheral nervous system controls fight or flight response.

parasympathetic nervous system

regulates rest and digest function

Medulla

respiration and postural reflex

Cerebellum

motor coordination

Thalamus

relay station for sensory information

Hypothalamus

emotion and maintaining homeostasis

limbic system

neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and memory

Cerebrum

Responsible for higher mental process and voluntary activities of the body

cerebral hemispheres

The right and left halves of the cerebrum.

left hemisphere

involved in the production of speech and writing

right hemisphere

specialized in visual and auditory memory as well as control of emotion

aphasia

language deficit

expressive aphasia

difficulty enunciating words correctly

receptive aphasia

inability to understand spoken or written words

frontal lobe

cognitive skill and motor function

parietal lobe

receives sensory input for touch

occipital lobe

visual processing or perception

temporal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.

cerebral cortex

responsible for higher mental processing

corpus callosum

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Endocrine System

It's compose of glands that secretes hormones through blood stream

Pituitary gland

referred as master gland as it signals other gland; regulates growth and sexual maturity because it targets ovaries and testes.

thyroid

controls the metabolism

adrenal glands

regulates the response to stress

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine(T4)

What hormones does thyroid gland produce

Pancreas

produces insulin that regulates blood sugar level and helps in digestion

gonands

compose of ovaries for female and testes for male

Metabolism

process of transforming food to energy

Epinephrine

increases heart rate

Norepinephrine

increase blood pressure