DEA 1500 Home

The most efficient arrangement of a kitchen layout developed in the HumEc college at Cornell

Cornell Kitchen Triangle

Cornell Kitchen Triangle

most efficient triangular arrangement of a sink, stove, and fridge with no more than a 21 foot circumference

efficiency in the cornell kitchen triangle is measured in terms of the

footsteps required to make a meal

the cornell kitchen triangle is an example of __ __, as it is __ the most __ arrangement regardless of preferences or culture, the outcome/impact is the __, i.e. __ __ does not matter here!

environmental determinism, objectively, efficient, same, cognitive appraisal

4 PLACES

home, city, work, earth

environmental psych sequence

physical environment —> HER process —> human behavior

HER

human environment relations

HER processes

Environmental stimulation, homeyness, personal space, territoriality, privacy

Environmental stimulation

The quantity and quality of stimulation can influence physical development or behavior

Homeyness

what makes a house a home/homey, based on physical design elements

Personal space

the invisible boundaries we set around us to maintain distance with others that we don’t like to be infringed or intruded upon

Territoriality

idea that humans have a desire to claim ownership of the space around us and control it to regulate resources

a big factor of conflict and land __ for humans is __

territoriality, water

Everyone has the same perception of what homeyness is

false

We have __ senses of __: people from different places, cultures, and countries will consider certain houses “homey” vs. others based where they come from, what they were taught, and what they are used to

different, homeyness

homeyness is the opposite of

institutional

8 physical design features/properties of homeynes

diminutive, variable, embracing, engaging, mnemonic, authentic, informal, situating

Diminutive property

the smaller spaces of the home that make it more graspable, conveivable, and thinkable (i.e. nooks)

Variable property

the individual and authentic parts of the home that avoids uniformity and consistency

Embracing property

the smallness and variability of homey space that create material intimacy and make it encompassing (books, layers, descending pattern of enclosure, takes time to accomplish)

Engaging property

the arrangement and orientation of the rooms and decorations of the home that engage the user and make it warm, welcoming, inviting, amusing, and generous

Mnemonic property

the deeply personal, historical character, and strongly particularized parts of the home that recall the presence of relationships, events, achievements, and ritual passages, associated with family and history

Authentic property

real and natural parts of the home that emphasize individuality and personality, reflecting the small, variable, intimate, engaging, and mnemonic properties

Informal property

arrangements in the home that avoids symmetries or minimalism, diminishes formality and are deliberately rustic or unrefined, a crude appearance that signals to the occupant that no formality of dress, posture, or demeanor is required of them, putting people at ease to be home

Situating property

the parts of the home that make the occupant deliberately situated in it and part of the arrangement/surrounding environment, homeyness here acts as an active agent of culture to metamorphose the individual and make them feel one with their home

homeyness properties

1. the diminutive property makes the homey environment __

2. the variable property makes it __ and __

3. the embracing property makes it __

4. the engaging property makes it __

5. the mnemonic property makes it emplacing in __

6. the authentic property makes it emplacing in __

7. the informal property makes it __ and __

8. the situating property makes it __ __

thinkable, real and individualized, encompassing, inviting/involving, time, space, reassuring, riskless, capturing

HER principles

environmental determinism, cognitive appraisal, manifest & latent functions, person x environment interactions

Environmental determinism

Individual reactions are NOT influenced by what people think about the environment, the outcome is certain, straightforward, and will happen regardless

Environmental determinism is the opposite of __ __

cognitive appraisal

Cognitive appraisal

Human reactions to the environmental are influenced by the meaning and symbolism of the object or setting and individual preferences

Person x environment interactions

With __ __, the outcome is certain and expected, while with __ __, the outcome is influenced by preferences and meaning

environmental determinism, cognitive appraisal

cognitive appraisal is closely tied to social __ like culture, gender, ethnicity, and political values

identities

__ __ is the idea that how we behave/react to an environment is filtered by how we __ and what we __

cognitive appraisal, think, like

Manifest function

the identified properties, purpose, objective function, explicitly meanings

the __ function of an object of an environment is what it was __ and __ designed for

manifest, objectively, explicitly

Latent function

Symbolic, sociocultural meanings, subjective value, implicit meaning

manifest and latent functions can __

conflict

The manifest and latent function __ principle is __ (the result) of the distinction between the __ __ and __ __ principles

HER, corollary, environmental determinism, cognitive appraisal

dual heritage is the idea that man is a product of both __ and __

nature, nurture

human evolution can be __ and __

biological, sociocultural

the mechanism for biological evolution is __, while the mechanism for sociocultural evolution is __ and __, given that we are a product of the __ and the __ (the concept of __ __)

genetics, knowledge, information, nature, nurture, dual heritage

The __ function is straightforward, what the objective function is and what it was designed to do, while the __ function is symbolic, related to meaning, and feeling/identity

manifest, latent

Relationship between homeyness and cognitive appraisal

• homeyness is an HER __ while cognitive appraisal is an HER __

• HER __ cut across HER __ and __

• A house becomes a home because of __ __

process, principle, principles, processes, PLACES, cognitive appraisal

homeyness is a good example of a __ function

latent

the sense of homeyness is based on __ elements, __, __, and __

design, religion, gender, culture

people are bound by __ and __, what feels “home-like” may be __ depending on where someone is from

culture, language, different

4 factors that impact homeyness

design elements, religion, gender, and culture/ethnicity

__ plays a major role in __ (HER process) because what may be typical in a Jewish or Muslim home, may not be in a Christian home, they are designed differently based on certain purposes and beliefs

religion, homeyness

__ plays a major role in __ since some homes, like shaker houses or muslim architecture, are designed differently for men vs. women

gender, homeyness

__ plays a major role in __ because people coming from different cultural backgrounds will have different preferences for shapes, colors, detail, and what they’re accustomed to for house design, thus creating different __ of what feels “homey” vs. not

culture, homeyness, perceptions

an example of how culture impacts homeyness is how homes are designed differently or certain arrangements are preferred for __, __ americans, and __ americans

europeans, african, latin

critical period

the age of time at which an individual is most plastic and capable of being impacted/molded by their environment

the critical period is the __ or __ at which an individual is most __ and capable of being __ by their __

age, time, plastic, impacted, environment

the critical period is not __ for all people, it depends on __ characteristics, it is an example of the __ _ __ __ HER principle

uniform, personal, person x environment interaction

user-designer gap

when the designer of a building comes from a very different background than the user and does not correctly anticipate or integrate their needs into the design

the user-designer gap leads to __, or a bad __ x __ fit

incongruence, person, environment

there would likely be a user-designer gap if a rich, white, educated architect designed an apartment building in a poor, black neighborhood

true

there would likely be a user-designer gap if the designer was a super tall male designing a preschool for little girls

true

there would likely be a user-designer gap if the user and designer were brother and sister

false

example of user-designer gap/incongruence is __, as the designers did not correctly design the city to reflect the cultural importance of street life

Brasilia

personal space

the imaginary bubble to maintain distance with others

__ tend to have a bigger personal space bubble than __

males, females

for __ species, there is no such thing as interorganism or interpersonal space, they are constantly skin to skin/body to body and comfortable with contact all the time, while __-__ species have personal space and like to maintain distance with other organisms

contact, non-contact

humans are an example of __ species

non-contact

4 distance zones

intimate, personal, social, public

according to Hall, each distance zone has a __ and __ phase, creating 8 total __ within the 4 broader __

close, far, distances, zones

the main factor that dictates personal space and the distance we choose to maintain with others

gender roles

personal space is different and actually changes with __ and __

culture, age

people with serious mental illnesses tend to have a bigger personal space bubble

false

the size of the personal space bubble for people with serious mental illnesses is actually not consistently bigger, but rather highly variable

true

__ and __ help people tolerate personal space invasions

partitions, screens

partitions and screens have no effect on personal space tolerance since people are just as close

false3 f

3 factors affecting personal space bubble size

barrier behind, height, density/crowdedness

if there is a barrier behind you, your personal space bubble tends to get

bigger

if the volume of the space decreases, i.e. you walk into a room with a low ceiling, your personal space bubble tends to

increase

when a place is very crowded, your personal space bubble tends to get

bigger

typically, as the size of space decreases, your personal space bubble

increases

2 theories of personal space

stress and overload, equilibrium

the stress and overload theory of personal space argues that we maintain personal space as a way to __ __ and __ from __ __

reduce stress, overstimulation, sensory overload

the stress and overload theory of personal space connects it to another HER __, __ __

process, environmental stimulation

the equilibrium theory of personal space says that it is a mechanism to help us regulate __

intimacy

we use personal space as a way to __

communicate

the space between people indicates the __ of their __ and how open or closed off people are, it’s a __ of what kind of __ relationship we have or want to have

nature, relationship, signal, interpersonal

factors influencing personal space

gender roles, culture, age, personality, design and the physical environment

types of human territory

personal or primary, group or secondary, public or tertiary

having boundaries in a dorm is actually a __ thing and __ conflict with your roommate since you have a good idea of what is __

good, prevents, yours

you cannot make inferences and deduce the personality of a person based on the room in which they live

false

you can make __ and deduce the __ of someone based on the room in which they live

inferences, personality

key personality traits you can deduce from someone’s living space are

conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability

introverts tend to have __ personal space bubbles/maintain __ distances from others than extroverts

bigger, greater

putting your belongings somewhere is often used to establish temporary __ or __, even if this thing or place is publicly owned

control, possession

the __ of an area has a significant effect on the capability to defend it

shape

an irregularly shaped area is going to be more difficult to __, while a compact circular or square area makes __ easier, so uneven boundaries, for example, are likely to __ tension

protect, defense, increase

4 territories in human society

public, home, interactional, body

__ territories are territories that provide the citizen with freedom of access but not necessarily of action, like courtyards and parks

public

__ territories are public areas taken over by groups or individuals, like children’s makeshift clubhouses, gay bars, coffeehouses that cater to regulars

home

__ territories are territories that

__ territories are territories encompassing personal space, which are most private and inviolate spaces belonging to the individual

body

three forms of territorial encroachment

violation, invasion, contamination