AP Human Geography: Patterns and Processes of Culture

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering AP Human Geography Unit 3 topics, including culture, cultural landscapes, diffusion mechanisms, patterns and diffusion of language families, and world religions.

The beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technology passed down from generation to generation within a society are defined as __________.

culture

Judging a culture based on its own unique traits without prejudice is known as __________.

cultural relativism

In the cartoon shown, evaluating another culture's diet (such as deep-fried crickets) through pre-existing biases and personal norms is an example of __________.

ethnocentrism

The architectural feature shown in the image, known as __________, is a prominent cultural trait found in Russian architecture.

onion domes

The agricultural land-use feature shown here, where rice is cultivated abundantly on __________, represents a defining component of Vietnam's cultural landscape.

terraces

A natural landscape that has been modified by human action, reflecting cultural beliefs and values, is called a __________.

cultural landscape

The imprint or marks left by different human groups throughout history on a single place, such as in New Orleans, is referred to as __________.

sequent occupance

While traditional architecture reflects distinct regional or religious heritage, __________ architecture emphasizes diversity in design.

postmodern

Public or private spaces designed to accommodate specific gender roles, often reserved for one gender over another, are called __________.

gendered spaces

Forces that cause division, tension, or conflict within a society—such as the presence of over 500 distinct languages in Nigeria—are classified as __________.

centrifugal forces

In China, a strong centripetal force is created because approximately $91\%$ of the population shares a single unified ethnicity known as __________.

Han Chinese

The spread of an innovation or idea to an increasing number of people while individuals remain in place is known as __________ diffusion.

expansion

The diffusion type shown in the bottom diagram, where a phenomenon spreads outward from person to person solely based on proximity without skipping intervening areas, is __________ diffusion.

contagious

The spread of a trend or business from lower socioeconomic ranks or rural areas up into major cities, as seen with Walmart, is known as __________ diffusion.

reverse hierarchical

When an underlying idea or trait is adopted but modified to overcome cultural barriers in a new location, it is categorized as __________ diffusion.

stimulus

The process shown in the diagram, where a phenomenon spreads across space via the physical migration of people while the total number of practitioners stays roughly constant, is __________ diffusion.

relocation

A common language adopted for trade and communication between groups who do not share a native tongue is known as a __________.

lingua franca

When two distinct languages combine informally into a pidgin and eventually evolve into a formalized, native first language, the process is called __________.

creolization

The reduction in travel and communication time between distant places caused by technology and modern transportation is termed __________.

time-space convergence

When a cultural group remains isolated and intentionally keeps away from modern society (such as the Amish), it undergoes cultural __________.

divergence

The map showing the regional distribution of the phrases 'You Guys' and 'Y'all' across the United States illustrates geographical differences in __________.

dialects

Within a language family, a sub-collection of languages that share a common ancestral origin and grammatical similarities but are not mutually intelligible is classified as a language __________.

branch

A language that has no known historic or genealogical relationship with any other surviving language, such as Basque or Huave, is classified as an __________.

isolated language

One of the two primary theories regarding the hearth of the Indo-European language family traces its origin to the __________ grassland region of modern Russia and Ukraine.

Kurgan

Early Sino-Tibetan languages are believed to have diffused contagiously throughout Northern China along with the Neolithic __________ culture.

Yangshao

The language family highlighted on the map that originated in Taiwan and spread across Southeast Asia, Oceania, and westward to Madagascar is the __________ family.

Austronesian

More than $85\%$ of Africa's population speaks a language belonging to the __________ language family, which originated where the Niger and Benue rivers meet.

Niger-Congo

Faiths that actively seek converts through missionary work and universal appeal, such as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism, are categorized as __________ religions.

universalizing

Buddhism has the lowest total fertility rate of any major religion at $1.6$, largely because many religious adherents practice __________.

celibacy

As shown on the thematic map of India, approximately $90\%$ of all Sikhs reside in the __________ region of Northwestern India.

Punjab

The blending of two distinct cultural or religious traditions to form an entirely new belief system, as illustrated in the graphic, is known as __________.

syncretism

When individuals adopt elements of a majority culture while still preserving their own distinct cultural traits, the process is called __________.

acculturation

When a minority group entirely adopts the traits of a host culture and completely loses its original cultural identity, it is referred to as __________.

assimilation