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KINK

A form of warp in which the lumber deviates edgewise from a straight line from end to end.

CROOK

A form of warp that is also known as spring.

BOW

A form of warp in which there is movement along one edge of the lumber.

QUARTER SAWN

A type of lumber that is more stable and has an amazing straight-grain pattern.

PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE GLUE

A type of adhesive known for its impracticality for use on repairs.

EPOXY RESIN

An adhesive that requires less attention and clamping pressure to provide satisfactory gluing.

THREE PLY LUMBER CORE PLYWOOD

A type of wood outlined in MIL-P-6070 that is stronger than its counterpart.

LAMINATED WOOD

A type of wood outlined in MIL-P-6070 that is more resistant to warping than solid wood.

NORTHERN WHITE PINE

Wood that cannot be used as a substitute without increasing its size and has less uniform texture than spruce.

YELLOW POPLAR

Wood that should not be used as a direct substitute without carefully accounting for slightly reduced strength properties.

WHITE CEDAR

Wood that gluing satisfactory can be achieved if suitable precautions are taken.

WESTERN HEMLOCK

Wood that can be directly substituted for spruce but has less uniform texture.

MOSQUITO BOMBER

The first heavier-than-air aircraft that had a dedicated propeller engine and wood in the structure.

6 RINGS PER 1 INCH

The allowable number of annular rings for all the reference and substitute wood for aircraft construction.

BASSWOOD

Bonded together in a hot press over hardwood cores.

BANANA OIL AND COLLODION

The first dope applied to aircraft.

CELLULOSE ACETATE

Developed after other dopes, proven flammable, to make the fabric translucent.

COLORED ENAMEL

The first material applied to the doped fabric to block sunlight.

AIRCRAFT DOPE

The process of applying a material that renders the aircraft airtight and waterproof.

RETARDER

An additive that prevents rapid evaporation and the accompanying temperature drop.

REJUNEVATOR

A mixture of very potent solvents that penetrates the doped fabric.

NITRATE DOPE

Used the same way as glue when bonding fabric into the rib structure.

WARP

Used for counting the threads vertically.

PINKED EDGE

Cut to the fabric that prevents it from raveling.

CROSS COAT

The process of applying the second spray, perpendicular to the first one.

ANTI-CHAFE TAPE

A finishing material that covers protrusions to prevent the fabric from being penetrated and torn.

RIB LACING CORD

A finishing material that prevents the fabric from pulling away from the ribs during flight due to lift.

RIB BRACING TAPE

Finishing materials applied spanwise from rib to rib.

SURFACE TAPE

Blends the covering around contours and irregularities for a smoother surface finish.

TRUE

All trees have only two inner cores: sapwood and heartwood.

FALSE

Lighter-than-air aircraft started using hydrogen because of the helium explosion of an airship.

TRUE

Annular rings represent the passage of the growth speed of a tree throughout the seasons in a year.

FALSE

Heartwood is called heartwood because it contains the living cells that participate in the life process of the tree.

TRUE

Application of banana oil and collodion provided better dimensional stability on aircraft.

TRUE

Aconite, which is a polyester fabric, is one of the approved substitute materials for aircraft fabrics.

FALSE

Selvage edge is the edge of the cloth, tape, or webbing woven to prevent raveling.

TRUE

Inspection rings prevent the aircraft fabric part from being all replaced when checked/cut for inspection.

FALSE

When fabric gets torn using the Maule Tester, it fails the test and does not pass the TSO standard regardless of the reading.

TRUE

Surface tape prevents the covering material from coming loose in the airstream during flight.