Nutrition through the life cycle exam one

Chapter 1-6

What is the WIC program?

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

It provides supplemental nutritious foods, nutrition education, breastfeeding support, and referrals to health and social services for eligible pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants, and children under age 5 who are at nutritional risk

What do the levels of BMI tell us? Describe how you can tell if someone is underweight, normal, overweight, or obese.

BMI is used to classify weight status based on height and weight. A BMI below 18.5 is underweight, 18.5–24.9 is normal, 25.0–29.9 is overweight, and 30 or greater is obese.

What types of foods, nutrition recommendations, nutrients, and lifestyle habits are beneficial for preconception nutrition?

• Eat a variety of nutritious foods

• Fruits and vegetables

• Whole grains

• Lean proteins

• Healthy fats

• Adequate folate/folic acid

• Adequate iron

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Be physically active

• Avoid alcohol, smoking, and recreational drugs

• Take 400 mcg folic acid before pregnancy

Functions of the placenta during pregnancy

Hormone/enzyme production+ nutrient. Gas exchange waste removal + protection/barrier

What are the pregnancy weight gain recommendations based on BMI?

For a singleton pregnancy:

18.5 underweight recommended gain is 28-40

18.5-24.9 Normal recommended gain is 25-35

25-29.9 Overweight recommended gain is 15-20

30 obese recommended gain is 11-20

Nutritional needs during pregnancy

1st trimester: 0 additional calories

2nd trimester: +340 calories/day

3rd trimester: +452 calories/day

Nutrient needs during pregnancy — macronutrients

About 20–35% of total calories, with emphasis on healthy fats.

71 g protein and 175 g carbohydrate

Folate

600mgDFE/day

prevents neural tube defects.

Iron

27 mg/day

supports increased blood volume and fetal development.

Calcium

1,000mg/day

fetal bone development

Vitamin D

600 IU/day

calcium absorption and bone development

Iodine

220mcg/day

thyroid hormone production and fetal development.

Chloline

450mg/day

fetal brain and nervous-system development.

SGA (Small for gestational age)

Birth weight below the 10thm percentile for gestational age

<10

AGA(Approppriate for gestational age)

Between the 10th and 90th percentile

LGA(Large for gestational age)

Birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age

Prolactin

A hormone that stimulates milk production

Oxytocin

Hormone that stimulates milk ejection/let-down

What are the recommendations for breastfeeding? How long and is supplemental nutrition needed?

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months while also introducing complementary foods.

All breastfed babies should receive supplements of what nutrient?

Vitamin D

The caregiver decides

what, when, and where food is offered; the infant decides whether and how much to eat.

What is the First 1000 Days window of opportunity?

Pregnancy/conception through the first two years of life

Know how to plot on the infant growth chart

Obtain the infant's age

Obtain weight

• Obtain length

• Obtain head circumference

• Use the appropriate WHO growth chart for infants/children under 2

• Choose the correct boy or girl chart

• Plot the measurement

• Determine the percentile

• Evaluate the child's growth pattern over time.

• Weight-for-age

• Length-for-age

• Weight-for-length

• Head circumference-for-age