African, Ottoman, and Mughal Empires Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing key terms, titles, and figures related to the African, Ottoman, and Mughal Empires.

Monarchy

A form of government led by a single leader or sovereign ruler, such as a king or queen.

Ancestral Spirits

Deceased family members believed in traditional religious practices (such as Zulu) to continue to exist as spirits who guide, influence, or protect the living.

Importing

The economic activity of buying goods or bringing foreign products and resources into a country from abroad.

Exporting

The process of producing goods in one's own country and sending or selling them to another country or region.

Standing Army

A permanent, full-time military force that exists during both peacetime and war to defend territory and control trade routes.

Caliph

The title referring to the spiritual leader of Sunni Islam, claimed by Ottoman rulers to establish authority as both a political and religious leader.

Infrastructure

The basic physical structures, such as roads and bridges, that help a society function, operate effectively, and support trade.

Religious Tolerance

The policy or practice of allowing people of different faiths to practice their religion without punishment, discrimination, or fear of persecution.

Bureaucracy

A system of government that uses hired officials and departments to carry out laws, administration, and the work of governing.

Sultan

The title given to the ruler or king of the Ottoman Empire.

Akbar the Great

The Mughal ruler known for expanding the empire, creating an organized bureaucracy, and practicing religious tolerance.

Babur

The founder of the Mughal Empire.

Hierarchy

A system that ranks people according to status, occupation, religion, or power.