Psychology: Learning 6.1 - Operant Conditioning & 6.2 - Classical Conditioning

what is operating conditioning

• operating on your environment consciously

• learning consciously

• the study of how behavior is affect is by its consequences

Learning

a relatively permeant change in behavior that arises from practice or experience

what are the types of reinforcers

positive and negative

what is a reinforcer in operant conditioning

any stimulus which increases the probability if the response happening again in the future

what is a positive reinforcer

something that is added or applied to increase the probability the behavior

• ex. child gets toy when well behaved

What is a negative reinforcer

something that is taken away to increase the probability of a behavior

• child doesn’t need to clean room when well behaved

What is a punisher in operant conditioning

anything that decreases the probability of a response happening again in the future

what is a positive punishment

imposing something unpleasant to decrease behavior

• child gets a spanking when misbehaves

what is a negative punishment

taking a pleasant thing to away to decrease behavior

• child gets time out for misbehavior

learned helplessness

when an individual believes that stimuli are inevitable and gives up trying to change the situation

extinction burst

a sudden increase in the frequency or behavior just before the behavior stops

• ex. clicking a button then spam clicking it because it doesn’t work

what is a stimulus

en environmental condition that evoke a natural

what is a reflex

a simple automatic responses to stimuli either physical or mental

classical conditioning

operating consciously

what is generalization in classical conditioning

having a conditioned reflex and generalizing it with others similar

• actual def: tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli similar to the stimulus to which the response was conditioned

what is counterconditioning in classical conditioning

training someone to not be afraid of something

• actual def: please stimulus is repeatedly paired with a fear-eking object, thereby counteracting the fear response

Exposure therapy

exposing individual to the fear-anxiety evoking event until the fear is extinguished

What are the two types of exposure therapies

flooding and systematic desentilization

What is systematic desensitization in exposure therapy

the client is gradually exposed to fear-evoking small under circumstances in which they remain relaxed

What is flooding in exposure therapy

someone is exposed to the fear-evoking stimulus until the fear is gone