chapter 5 nutrition

are a major source of energy for cells.

carbs, glucose, carbohydrates

The basic unit of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide. Mono means______and saccharide means______

mono: one

saccharide: sugar

Match the monosaccharide with the food where the sugar is commonly found.

glucose: table sugar

fructose: fruit

galactose: milk

Which of the following are disaccharides?

sucrose, maltose, lactose

_______________ is a sweetener/food additive obtained from the processing of corn.

high fructose corn syrup

Cells require a steady supply of energy which is largely provided by ____________.

carbohydrates

During processing, ______ are incorporated into foods to contribute to flavor, browning and tenderness, and preservation of food.

added sugars

The simplest type of sugar is a

monosaccharides

Which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose?

Galactose

Glucose

Select all of the terms that describe food additives that sweeten but provide few or no calories per serving.

artificial sweeteners

alternative sweeteners

Simple carbohydrates include_______which contain only one sugar unit, and________, which contain two sugar units bonded together.

monosaccharides, disaccharides

carbohydrates have three or more monosaccharides bonded together.

complex

Which sugar tastes the sweetest?

fructose

Added sugars are incorporated into foods during processing to ______.

inhibit the growth of mold

contribute to flavor

increase tenderness of food

decrease moisture content

Which of the following is true about a monosaccharide?

It is a chemical unit of carbohydrates.

It is the simplest type of sugar.

Which of the following are the most common oligosaccharides in foods?

Raffinose

Stachyose

Which has the most monosaccharides?

complex carbohydrates

Polysaccharides that contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures include ______.

glycogen

starch

Nondigestible plant material is termed ______.

fiber

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ____% to ____% of total calories in the diet

45-65%

Match the following types of oligosaccharides with common food sources.

garlic: insulin

broccoli: raffinose

What is the main difference between soft drinks and 100% fruit drinks?

100% fruit juices contribute micronutrients and phytochemicals

Which description best describes a starch?

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

While most carbohydrate digestion occurs in the small intestine, where does it begin?

the mouth

True or false: Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials.

false

Intestinal cells absorb glucose and ______ by active transport; ______ is absorbed by facilitated diffusion.

galactose; fructose

Since soft drinks and 100% fruit drinks contain the same amount of sugar, there is no benefit to choosing 100% fruit juice.

false

Which of the following contributes to softer and easier-to-eliminate feces?

insoluble fiber

How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose?

insulin is secreted by the pancreas

True or false: Salivary amylase is secreted in the mouth and begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the human body.

true

True or false: The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.

true

A group of serious, chronic conditions characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism is called ______.

diabeties

Intestinal cells absorb glucose and galactose by ______ and fructose is absorbed by ______.

active transport; facilitated diffusion

dietary fiber usually forms a semisolid mass in the intestinal tract that is quickly fermented by bacteria.

soluble

Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal.

1. eating a meal

2. elevated blood glucose

3. insulin released from pancreas

4. blood glucose level returns to normal

A characteristic of ______ diabetes is insulin resistance.

type 2

What happens when cells metabolize glucose?

energy is released

is a serious chronic disease characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and

diabetes syndrome

In which part of the GI tract does absorption of carbohydrates occur?

small intestine

According to the ADA, people with diabetes should try to maintain HbA1c levels below________ %.

7%

Which of the following contributes to softer and easier-to-eliminate feces?

insoluble fiber

Diet, exercise, and oral medications are typical treatments for

type 2 diabetes

To improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes,

implementing therapeutic lifestyle changes is key.

Hypoglycemia may be diagnosed when the blood glucose level is ________.

less than 70 mg/dL

Which of the following health conditions are linked to an excessive total calorie intake?

obesity

chronic disease

Treatment for diabetes includes which of the following?

Oral medications

Insulin injections

Diet

Exercise

Having a large waist circumference can be a sign of metabolic syndrome and dangerous to one's health, especially when it is accompanied by ______.

elevated blood lipid levels

hypertension

What can you do to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes? Select all that apply.

consume a healthy diet

exercise daily

avoid excess body fat

is a condition that occurs when blood glucose level is too low to provide enough energy for the cells.

hypoglycemia

Tooth decay is the only health problem clearly associated with eating

carbohydrates

Diabetes is characterized by abnormal metabolism of

fat

glucose

protein

True or false: A diet that is high in soft drink consumption may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

true

Lactose-containing foods fall into which food category?

dairy

What are the five signs of metabolic syndrome?

hypertension

high fasting blood glucose

low fasting HDL cholesterol

large waist circumference

elevated fasting triglycerides

Scientific studies have found that sugar _____ cause an increase in physical activity in children.

does not

when bacteria in the mouth metabolize ______, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries.

carbohydrates

There is "convincing" evidence that dietary fiber will reduce the risk of

colorectal cancer

What are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide?

Calcium and phosphorus

Vitamins

Protein

minerals

Which of the following are signs of metabolic syndrome?

waist circumference >/= 35 inches (women)

triglycerides >/=150mg/dL

Celeste took her 4-year old daughter to a birthday party and was disappointed when her daughter's behavior at the party was uncontrolled hyperactivity. The most likely cause of the hyperactivity at the birthday party was ______.

excitement of the party that was different from her normal routine

the result of children consuming diet high in sugar

pleasurable sensations

True or false: Glucagon and insulin are both released from the pancreas.

true