Modern world

The 1777 battle whose American victory persuaded France to enter a formal military alliance with the colonies

Battle of Saratoga

The direct tax in Old Regime France paid exclusivly be commoners

Tallie

The educated, middle class members of France’s third estate, including merchants, lawyers, and doctors.

Bourgeoise

Working class Parisan radicals ('“without knee breeches”) who demanded extreme revolutionary changes.

Sans-culottes

British parliamentary laws passed in 1774 to punish Massachusetts by closing the Boston Harbor and altering local governments

Coercive act

The june 20, 1789 pledge by the third estate deputies never to separate until they has written a constitution or document to protect them for France

Tenis court oath

The British parlimentary law placing direct tax on printed materials and legal documents in the American colonies.

Stamp act

A 12-man council led by Maximilien Robespierre that directed government policies and executions during the reign of terror.

committee of public safety

Mass military conscription enacted in 1793 to raise a civilian citizen army to defend France against foreign invaders.

Lavée en Masse

A sudden, violet overthrow of an existing government, such as napoleon’s seizure of power in novermber 1999.

Coup d’état

Response to the townshend acts (1767), where colonial women organized the______.

Daughters of liberty

The 1773 act where colonists protested the Tea Act by dumping 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor.

Boston tea party

The primary formula for an impact sentence requires stating— What happened- so what-how it pushed the colonies toward what or military victory

Independence

The final major battle of the American Revolution took place on October in 1781 at _____ where the american and french forces trapped general cornwallis

Yorktown

Great Britain officially recognized american independence by doing what on September 1783.

Treaty of Paris

The first estate we catholic ___. who made up less than 1% of population and collected a 10% tithe.

Clergy

The Second estate know as ____, who held major government and military roles and paid almost no taxes.

Nobles

The third estate known as the ____, Making up 97-98% of the population; including peasents, urban workers, and the wealthy middle class.

Commoners

The main diet staple for most French citizens was _____: when bad harvests in 1787-1788 cause its price to skyrocket, widespread starvation ensued.

Bread

King louis the XVI was forced to summon the estates general on May 5, 1789, because the royal treasury was facing severe debt caused be extravagant court spending and funding foreign wars like the _____

American revolution

The traditional system of voting was ____ each estate gets 1 vote.

Voting by order.

The third estates demand where each person got a vote

Vote by Head.

On june 17, 1789, the third estate declared itself the ____ _____, asserting that it represented the true sovereign power of france.

National assembly.

On July 14, 1789 Parisians stormed the___ a medival fort and prison, to secure gunpowder and arms to protect the city against royal forces.

Bastile.

In August 1789, the National assembly issued the ___ ___ ___, declarign that all men are born free and equal in rights

Rights of man

On October 5 1789, thousand of armed Parisain women marched 12 miles to the palace of _____ demanding bread and forcing King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to move to Paris.

Versailles

Under the constitution of 1791 France established a ____ monarchy where lawmaking authority belonged to the elected assembly, though the King retained veto power.

Constitutional

In late 1792 incriminating correspondence revealed that King Louis XVI was secretly conspiring with ____ to restore his absolute power.

Austria

Radical republican leader _______ led the reign of terror, arguing that terror was necessary to protect the republic and build a “Republic of virtue.”

Maximillian Robespierre

The policy of _____ sought to eliminate Catholic influence by replacing the traditional Christian calendar with a revolutionary calendar designating 1792 as Year one.

De-christionization

Following the execution of Robespierre in July 1794, governance was assumed by a five man executive council known as the ____ under the constitution of 1795.

Directory

In November 1799, military hero ______ overthrew the corrupt Directory in a coup detat.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Although Napoleon ruled as dictator and emperor, he preserved key legal gains of the revolution- including male legal equality and meritocracy— through a legal system known as the ________.

Napoleon Code.