chemical tests

How do you test for cations e.g metals

Cations can be tested using flame tests

How do you conduct a flame test

1) use a nichrome wire - so that it dosent interfere with colour

2) Dip the wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid - to get rid of any impuritys

3)dip wire in the solid / solution your testing and observe flame

What colour would lithium turn a flame

red colouWhat colour would r.

What colour would sodium turn the flame

yellow

What colour would potassium turn the flame

lilac

WHat colour would calcium turn the flame

orange / red

What colour would copper turn the flame

blue / green

How do you test for other metals

by observing the colour precipitate formed with sodium hydroxide

What colour precipitate would copper 2 make

blue

What colour precipitate would iron 2 make

green

What colour precipitate would iron 3 make

brown

How do you test for carbonate

add dilute HCL, then bubble it through lime water if present lime water will turn cloudy

How do you test for sulphaets

add HCL, followed by barium chloride and is present will create a whit precipitate

How do you test for halides

add nitric acid , followed by silver nitrate then observe the different coloured precipitates

What colour precipitate would Chlorine make

white

What colour precipitate would barium make

cream

What coloured precipitate would Iodine make

yellow

How do you test for oxygen

if oxygen is present it will relight a glowing splint

How do you test for Hydrogen

squeaky pop test

How do you test for CO2

bubble it through limewater if present will turn cloudy

How do you test for ammonia

will turn dam red litmus paper blue if present

How do you test for Chlorine

will turn dam blue litmus paper red and then bleach it