Gram Positive Bacilli- 10

Gram-positive bacilli are divided into ______ and ______ groups.

spore-forming; non-spore-forming

Non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli may be either ______ or ______.

branching; non-branching

Most gram-positive bacilli are found in ______, ______, ______, livestock, and human flora.

soil; plants; water

Bacillus species are ______ positive.

catalase

Bacillus spp. produce highly resistant structures called ______.

endospores

Endospores are highly resistant to heat, drying, and ______.

chemicals

The primary stain used in an endospore stain is ______ green.

malachite

During an endospore stain, vegetative cells counterstain ______.

safranin

Bacillus spp. can survive temperatures ranging from approximately ______ to ______.

-5°C; 75°C

Bacillus spp. generally grow well on SBA but not on ______ agar.

CNA

The most common form of anthrax is ______ anthrax.

cutaneous

The most lethal form of anthrax is ______ anthrax.

inhalation

Anthrax acquired by eating contaminated meat is called ______ anthrax.

gastrointestinal

Anthrax associated with injection drug use is called ______ anthrax.

injectional

Bacillus anthracis possesses a capsule composed of ______ acid.

D-glutamic

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis helps prevent ______.

phagocytosis

The three anthrax toxin components are EF, PA, and ______.

LF

EF stands for ______ factor.

edema

PA stands for ______ antigen.

protective

LF stands for ______ factor.

lethal

The classic black necrotic lesion of cutaneous anthrax is called an ______.

eschar

Pulmonary anthrax is also known as ______ disease.

Woolsorter's

Inhalation anthrax initially resembles ______ or the common cold.

influenza

Injectional anthrax is often associated with ______ popping.

skin

Bacillus anthracis appears as large ______-ended gram-positive rods.

square

The characteristic arrangement of Bacillus anthracis resembles ______.

bamboo

Bacillus anthracis colonies are ______ hemolytic on SBA.

non

The colony morphology of Bacillus anthracis is described as ______ head.

Medusa

Another description for Bacillus anthracis colonies is beaten ______ whites.

egg

Bacillus anthracis is ______ motile.

non

Bacillus anthracis is catalase ______.

positive

Bacillus anthracis ferments ______ but not mannitol, arabinose, or xylose.

glucose

Bacillus anthracis produces the enzyme ______.

lecithinase

Direct fluorescent antibody testing for Bacillus anthracis can detect capsule and cell wall ______.

polysaccharide

The CDC recommends empiric treatment of anthrax with IV ciprofloxacin or ______.

doxycycline

Bacillus cereus is typically ______ hemolytic on SBA.

beta

Bacillus cereus colonies often have a ______ glass appearance.

frosted

Bacillus cereus is ______.

motile

Bacillus cereus can ferment ______.

salicin

Bacillus cereus is lecithinase ______.

positive

The emetic form of Bacillus cereus food poisoning is caused by a heat ______ toxin.

stable

The diarrheal form of Bacillus cereus food poisoning is caused by a heat ______ enterotoxin.

labile

The emetic form of Bacillus cereus food poisoning is classically associated with fried ______.

rice

The incubation period of Bacillus cereus emetic illness is approximately ______ to ______ hours.

1; 6

The incubation period of Bacillus cereus diarrheal illness is approximately ______ to ______ hours.

8; 16

Bacillus cereus diarrheal illness is commonly associated with meat, poultry, dairy products, soups, ______, powdered foods, and desserts.

sauces

The most common non-GI Bacillus cereus infection involves the ______.

eye

Welder's anthrax is caused by ______.

Bacillus cereus

Welder's anthrax primarily affects welders and ______ workers.

metal

Bacillus cereus is resistant to ______.

penicillin