Term 4 Year 10 2026

glycolysis

The first step in cellular respiration, involving the breaking down of glucose

glucose

the input for glycolysis

cytoplasm

Where glycolysis occurs

mitochondrial matrix

Where the Krebs cycle occurs

krebs cycle

The output of glycolysis moves into the…

electron transport chain

The output of the krebs cycle moves into the…

mitochondrial christae

Where the electron transport chain occurs

plasma membrane

The covering all eukaryotic cells are surrounded by

phospholipid bilayer

The structure that makes up the cell membrane

selective permeability

The property of cell membranes that allows them to selectively accept or reject incoming material

hydrophilic

The head of a phospholipid molecule, comprised of a phosphate group, is-

hydrophobic

The tail of a phospholipid molecule, comprised of a lipid, is-

size, charge, polarity

The three main factors as to whether something can pass through a cell membrane or not

psychology

The scientific study of mental processes and behaviour

describe, explain, predict, control

The four goals of psychology are to:

no

Can solid ionic compounds conduct electricity?

yes

Can melted or aqueous ionic compounds conduct electricity?

active transport

A mode of transportation through the cell membrane which DOES require energy

passive transport

A mode of transportation through the cell membrane that does NOT require energy

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

The three types of passive transport

simple diffusion

The movement of small or nonpolar molecules through the phospholipid bilayer unassisted

facilitated diffusion

The movement of larger or charged molecules that are unable to pass through the phospholipid bilayer unassisted with the help of a protein

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

The three main regions of the brain

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

The four lobes of the brain

hindbrain

The region of the brain controlling balance and bodily functions necessary to live

midbrain

The region of the brain controlling reflexes, eye movements and alertness

forebrain

The region of the brain controlling complex thought, emotions, memory, decision making and interpreting sensory information

frontal lobe

The lobe of the brain responsible for voluntary movement, planning, problem solving and personality

parietal lobe

The lobe of the brain that manages tactile senses, body awareness and spatial awareness

temporal lobe

The lobe of the brain that controls hearing, auditory processing, language, memory and pattern recognition

occipital lobe

The lobe of the brain that allows for sight, visual processing, and object recognition

neuroplasticity

The ability of the brain to change it’s connectiongs through learning, practice and repetition

consciousness

A state of existence characterised by awareness of internal thoughts, feelings and perceptions

a continuum

Would conciousness be considered binary or a continuum?

heightened awareness and lack of awareness

The two altered states of consciousness existing beyond normal waking consciousness

content limitations, sensory perception, time perception, emotional awareness, impulse control

The five aspects of consciousness that change during sleep

automatic processes

The only kind of processes able to be performed during sleep, when controlled processes are impossible

restoration theory, evolutionary theory, consolidation theory

The three theories of why we sleep

restoration theory

The theory that claims the purpose of sleep is to restore the physical and mental resources used up during the day

evolutionary theory

The theory that claims the purpose of sleep is to avoid risk of predator attack

consolidation theory

The theory that claims the purpose of sleep is for the brain to organise and store the information processed throughout the day

2

The total amount of electrons in an S orbital

6

The total amount of electrons in a P orbital

10

The total amount of electrons in a D orbital

14

The total amount of electrons in an F orbital

vascular

A type of plant that has both xylem and phloem, roots/stems/leaves, grows upward and can reproduce using spores or seeds

non-vascular

A type of plant that relies on osmosis for the transport of nutrients, has no roots/stems/leaves and grows close to the ground

monocot

A category of vascular plant that germinates with one leaf

dicot

A category of vascular plant that germinates with two leaves

tropism

A property of plants that allows them to move in response to an external stimulus

waxy cuticle

The protective film on the outside of a leaf

epidermis

The layer of transparent, interlocking cells below the waxy cuticle of a leaf

palisade and spongy mesophyll

Leaf cells containing a high number of chloroplasts

guard cells

Leaf cells that open and close stoma, regulating the movement of water and CO2

xylem

Tubes of cells within a plant that transport water from the roots throughout

phloem

Tubes of cells within a plant that transport sugar and other nutrients around the plant

translocation

Verb for the movement of sugars around a plant

transpiration

Verb for the movement of water from the roots to the leaves of the plant, where it diffuses out

increases

When wind speed increases, transpiration rate…

increases

When temperature increases, transpiration rate…

decreases

When humidity increases, transpiration rate…

neurotransmitters

chemical messengers that deliver, boost or balance signals between neurons and other cells

excitatory

A neurotransmitter that produces an electrical signal is called…

inhibitory

A neurotransmitter that suppresses an electrical signal is called…

agonist

A substance that increases the effect of a neurotransmitter

antagonist

A substance that reduces or blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter

neurotransmission

The process of a neurotransmitter being released from the axon terminal, crossing the synapse, and attatching to the receptors of the next neuron

schizotypal

a Cluster A personality disorder characterized by a distorted perception of reality; involving odd ideas, superstitions and general eccentricity

schizoid

a Cluster A personality disorder characterized by complete disinterest in socialising, often decribed as aloof and solitary

paranoid

a Cluster A personality disorder characterized by excessive distrust of friends and family, and other accusatory and overreactive behaviour

borderline

a Cluster B personality disorder characterized by unstable moods, black-and-white thinking, difficulty managing emotions, and intense fear of abandonment

antisocial

a Cluster B personality disorder characterized by total disregard for other’s emotions, a lack of empathy, manipulative and destructive behaviour

narcissistic

a Cluster B personality disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur and self-importance as well as selfish and exploitative behaviour

histrionic

a Cluster B personality disorder characterized by extreme and repeated attention-seeking behaviour, overdramatic cadence, and feeling uncomfortable when not the centre of attention

obsessive compulsive personality

a Cluster C personality disorder characterized by obsessive planning, perfectionism, a sense of righteousness and difficulty expressing emotions

avoidant

a Cluster C personality disorder characterized by excessive cautiousness, an inferiority complex and socially anxious behavior resulting in self-isolation

dependent

a Cluster C personality disorder characterized by difficulty being alone, struggling to disagree/assert oneself, and excessive reliance on others when making decisions

distress, dysfunction, deviance, danger

List the four D’s of diagnosis

major depressive disorder

A mood disorder characterized by persistent low mood and ahedonia for at least two weeks, in addition to other symptoms like sleep issues, appetite changes, difficulty concentrating etc.

persistent depressive disorder

A mood disorder characterized by persistent low mood and other depressive symptoms over an extensive period of time, at least one year

seasonal depression

A mood disorder characterised by typical depressive episodes following a seasonal pattern

adjustment disorder

A mood disorder characterised by a period of depressive symptoms following a stressor

tetrahedral

The name of an electron structure with 4 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs

4 bonded, 0 lone

The pair arrangement of a tetrahedral molecule structure

109

The bonding angle of a tetrahedral molecule structure

pyramidal

The name of an electron structure with 3 bonded pairs and 1 lone pair

3 bonded, 1 lone

The pair arrangement of a pyramidal molecule structure

107

The bonding angle of a pyramidal molecule structure

bent

The name of a molecule structure with 2 bonded pairs and 2 lone pairs

2 bonded, 2 lone

The pair arrangement of a bent molecule structure

104.5

The bonding angle of a bent molecule structure

cerebellum

A region of the brain that coordinates movement and supports balance

brainstem

A region of the brain responsible for life-support functions like heart rate and breathing

nucleus

An organelle that contains the DNA of the cell and controls cell functions

nucleolus

An organelle of the cell that makes ribosomes

ribosome

An organelle of the cell that produces protiens

rough er

An organelle of the cell that makes and transports proteins

smooth er

An organelle of the cell that makes lipids and detoxifies substances

golgi apparatus

An organelle of the cell that packages and distributes proteins

mitochondria

An organelle of the cell that produces energy in the form of atp from glucose