Criminal Law: Definition of Crime and Differences Between Crimes and Petty Offenses

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Vocabulary practice cards covering the legal definition and essential elements of a crime, the criteria distinguishing crimes from petty offenses, and statutory penalties for both crimes and petty offenses.

13 Terms

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Przestępstwo (Crime)

A human act (czyn człowieka) prohibited under threat of punishment as a felony (zbrodnia) or misdemeanor (występek) by a statute in force at the time of its commission, which is unlawful (bezprawny), culpable (zawiniony), and socially harmful to a degree greater than negligible (społecznie szkodliwy w stopniu wyższym niż znikomy).

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Zbrodnia lub występek (Felony or Misdemeanor)

The two statutory forms under which an unlawful human act must be prohibited by law at the time of its commission to constitute a crime (przestępstwo).

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Społeczna szkodliwość czynu (Social Harm of an Act)

A substantive criterion of a crime requiring that the act be socially harmful to a degree higher than negligible (w stopniu wyższym niż znikomy); also serves as a key distinction between a crime and a petty offense.

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Różnice pomiędzy przestępstwem a wykroczeniem (Differences Between a Crime and a Petty Offense)

The four main legal grounds distinguishing crimes from petty offenses: statutory penalty severity (zagrożenie karą), social harm of the act (społeczna szkodliwość czynu), procedural separateness (odrębność procesowa), and split offenses (czyny przepołowione).

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Czyny przepołowione (Split Offenses)

A category of acts that can be classified either as a crime (przestępstwo) or a petty offense (wykroczenie), representing one of the core distinctions between the two classifications.

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Grzywna za przestępstwa (Fine for Crimes)

A penalty for crimes assessed in daily rates ranging from 10 to 540 rates (10-540), with each rate amounting to between 10 zł and 2000 zł (10zł-2000zł).

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Ograniczenie wolności za przestępstwa (Restriction of Liberty for Crimes)

A criminal penalty restricting personal freedom for a statutory duration of 1 month to 2 years (1miesiąc-2lata).

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Pozbawienie wolności (Deprivation of Liberty / Imprisonment)

A criminal penalty involving incarceration for a statutory duration ranging from 1 month to 30 years (1miesiąc-30 lat).

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Dożywotnie pozbawienie wolności (Life Imprisonment)

The fifth statutory penalty listed for crimes (kary za przestępstwa), following the fourth penalty which was repealed (uchylono).

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Areszt (Arrest)

A custodial penalty specific to petty offenses (kary za wykroczenia) carrying a duration of 5 to 30 days (5-30 dni).

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Ograniczenie wolności za wykroczenia (Restriction of Liberty for Petty Offenses)

A penalty for petty offenses restricting personal liberty for a fixed duration of exactly 1 month (1 miesiąc).

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Grzywna za wykroczenia (Fine for Petty Offenses)

A monetary penalty applied to petty offenses ranging from a minimum of 20 zł to a maximum of 5000 zł (20-5000 zł).

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Nagana (Reprimand)

The fourth statutory penalty designated specifically for petty offenses (kary za wykroczenia).