AP World History Vocab List 2

Protestant Reformation 

16th century religious movement in Europe that led to the creation of Protestant faiths in opposition to Catholicism

Devshirme

Ottoman policy of taking boys from Christian peoples and training and converting them to be Muslim soldiers

Janissaries

the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and the first modern standing army in Europe

Tax Farming

the state auctions off the right to collect taxes to the highest bidder (the farmer) and the selected individual collects taxes on behalf of the state and is able to keep any money they collect above the agreed upon amount.

Sikhism

religious community founded in northern India by Guru Nanak that rejected caste divisions

Trading-Post Empire

Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples

Sponsorship

Financial support designed to make an action possible with credit and reward going to the sponsor

Asante

African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680 and participated in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory.

Mit’a System

Mandatory service of 2 years for all individuals in the Inca Empire

Encomienda System

A system that relied on the forced labor of the native population in the Spanish colonial Empire

Hacienda System

The system of appointing or giving large estates or plantations to colonists in Spanish colonial America for them to govern as they see fit

Joint Stock Company

A business owned by its investors, with each investor owning a share based on the amount of stock purchased

Casta System

A racial hierarchy created in colonial Spain to designate social class placement based on lineage connection to Spain

Tribute Collection

A system in which a state would send gifts or valuables to a receiving station in order to demonstrate loyalty and avoid conflict

Cash Crops

An agricultural crop that is purposely made to only be sold in a market environment for as much money as possible

Mercantilism

An economic system in which governments use their economies to enhance their power at the expense of other countries

Resistance

The refusal to accept or comply with something; attempt to prevent something by action or argument.

Dispute

A heated disagreement, argument or debate. 

Monumental

Great in importance, extent, or size; serving as a monument or tribute to

Syncretic

Combining or bringing together different philosophical, religious, or cultural principles and practices

Indigenous

Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native

Monopoly

the exclusive control of a commodity, market or means of production

Elites

A select group that is superior (or treated as superior) in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society

Mortality

The state or condition of being subject to death. Mortality rates are often used to measure the number of deaths associated with a specific action or event.

Secular

Denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis

Chattel Slavery

Form of slavery in which a person is held as tangible property; as opposed to military slavery where a person is held as spoils of war

Heretical

Holding an opinion at odds with what is generally accepted, especially when challenging the established religious orders.

Cultivation

The act of preparing land and growing crops on it, or the act of growing a particular crop:

Substantial

of considerable importance, size, or worth; concerning the essential values of a concept

Predecessors

a person or thing that came before another

Patron

a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity

Colonialism

An attempt by one country to establish settlements and impose political, economic, and cultural practices in another territory

Endemic

A disease or condition regularly found among inhabitants (people, plants, or animals) in a certain area