kines muscles final

Vocabulary flashcards detailing specific skeletal muscles and their primary anatomical actions.

Serratus anterior

Protracts scapula; upwardly rotates scapula; holds scapula against thoracic wall.

Upper trapezius

Elevates and upwardly rotates scapula; assists with scapular retraction.

Rhomboids (major/minor)

Retract and downwardly rotate scapula; help stabilize it against thoracic wall.

Pectoralis major – clavicular head

Flexes the shoulder; assists horizontal adduction and medial rotation.

Pectoralis major – sternal head

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder; assists extension from a flexed position; horizontal adduction.

Gastrocnemius

Plantarflexes ankle; flexes knee.

Extensor hallucis longus

Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle; assists inversion.

Soleus

Plantarflexes ankle; important postural muscle during standing.

Anterior tibialis (tibialis anterior)

Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot.

Iliopsoas

Flexes hip; assists trunk flexion when the femur is fixed.

Adductor magnus

Adducts hip; adductor part assists hip flexion; hamstring part assists hip extension.

Gluteus maximus

Extends and laterally rotates hip; assists abduction through upper fibers.

Gluteus medius

Abducts hip; anterior fibers medially rotate; stabilizes pelvis during single-leg stance.

Anterior deltoid

Flexes and medially rotates shoulder; assists horizontal adduction.

Rectus femoris

Extends knee; flexes hip.

Brachioradialis

Flexes elbow, strongest in neutral/"thumbs-up" forearm position; brings forearm toward neutral from pronation or supination.

Semitendinosus

Extends hip; flexes knee; medially rotates flexed knee.

Triceps brachii

Extends elbow; long head also assists shoulder extension and adduction.

Subscapularis

Medially rotates shoulder; assists adduction; helps stabilize humeral head.

Infraspinatus

Laterally rotates shoulder; helps stabilize humeral head.

Supraspinatus

Initiates shoulder abduction and assists deltoid; stabilizes humeral head.

Latissimus dorsi

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder.

Teres minor

Laterally rotates shoulder; assists weak adduction; stabilizes humeral head.

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexes digits 2–5 at proximal interphalangeal joints; assists MCP and wrist flexion.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes wrist; ulnarly deviates wrist.

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes wrist; radially deviates wrist.

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extends wrist; radially deviates wrist.

Biceps brachii – short head

Flexes elbow; supinates forearm; assists shoulder flexion.

Biceps brachii – long head

Flexes elbow; supinates forearm; assists shoulder flexion and helps stabilize shoulder.

Biceps femoris – long head

Extends hip; flexes knee; laterally rotates flexed knee.

Biceps femoris – short head

Flexes knee; laterally rotates flexed knee.

Transverse abdominis

Compresses abdominal contents; supports/stabilizes trunk.

Rectus abdominis

Flexes trunk; posteriorly tilts pelvis; compresses abdominal contents.

Oblique abdominis (internal/external)

Both sides: trunk flexion and abdominal compression. One side: lateral flexion and rotation; external rotates trunk opposite side, internal rotates same side.

Sternocleidomastoid

Bilateral: flexes neck. Unilateral: side-bends neck to same side and rotates head to opposite side.