sci exam 3

60

How many minutes are there in 1°?

where the river empties into its river delta

Which portion of a river would you expect to be most polluted?

Magnetic north

The direction of compass needle points to align with earths magnetic field. Not fixed

Geographic North

Fix point on earths surface where the planets axis of rotation meets the northern hemisphere since permanently at 90° north latitude

Steep slope lands

Closely spaced contour lines

Solar radiation

The Earth’s hydrologic cycle is power by (also heats the Earth)

Watershed

The total surface region that provides runoff to stream system is known as

Runoff table

Calculate how much water flows over a landscape after it rains

Removal zone

Ablation zone of a glacier

Continental divide

A natural range of high grown that separates continents, rivers and watershed system

Suspended load

Made of sentiments are fine enough to float in the water column

Dissolve load

Portion of the streams were the total sediment load is carried in solution rather than in solid particles

Bed load

Particles of sediment that are transported along the bottom of a flowing fluid

Light load

Fine low sediment that is carried by a river found in his lower course when the water velocity is low

Delta

A feature that forms at the end of a river where it deposits sediment into a lake or ocean

Discharge

The amount of water that passes a particular point in a river over a given time period is called the

Velocity

Speed and direction of flowing water

Channel Flo

Movement of water, driven by gravity through a confined physical path

Channel load

The amount of salad and dissolved rock material that river or streams carries in its channel

Glaciers and ice caps

Largest source of freshwater

Gradient

A slope of a river is called (and measured by rise overrun)

Headwaters

Source of the furthest starting point of a river restrain

Mouth

Place Where a river flows into a large body of water

Base level

Lowest elevation or point to whichever river or Stream can erode its channel

Tributary

Small river that flows in empties into a larger river

Distributary

Smallest stream that branches off and flows away from a main river

Bed load

Made of sand, gravel, and pebbles and moves along the base of a river

97%

What percentage of the earths water is in the ocean?

Make a V in points upstream

Contour lines in a stream

Point bar

Inner side of a river loop or sediment builds up due to slowly moving water

Meander

Snake like curve or loop in a river

Floodplain

Flat or gently sloped area that is adjacent to a river that is naturally prone to periodic flooding when high water or heavy discharge over tops the riverbanks

Cut bank

Steep unstable slope, where erosion happens outside a meandering Bend

Contour interval

Vertical distance between two neighboring contour lines

Contour line

Connect points of equal elevation, showing shape and slope

Topographic map

Shows hills and valleys

Index contour

Appears at every fifth lineup with specific elevation numbers

Relief

Difference in elevation between highest and lowest points

Gradual slope

Counter lines space farther apart

Closed loop contour lines

Shows a hilltop

Close loop with hash marks

Shows a depression

Oceans and 97%

Largest water reservoir

Sewage Treatment plant

Clean dirty water from homes and businesses

Dams

Holds water back stores, water, electricity before to help stop floods

Before a city

Where should a water treatment plant be placed?

Small size

Longer it takes for the particles to settle

Fine sand

Stays suspended the longest

Water table

The saturated pours and cracks are filled with water with the unsaturated zone meets the groundwater zone (upper boundary)

Unconfined aquifer

Aquifer with a free moving water table

Confined aquifer

Bonded by impermeable layers under pressure. Above and below it

Subsidence

Gradual caving or Sinking

Green size, connection of pores, sorting

Determines a materials permeability

Plucking and abrasion

Glaciers cause erosion by

Over extraction, groundwater, contamination, altered ground water

Effects of urbanization

Lowering water table, land, substance, reduced surface water

Groundwater depletion

abrasion

Bottom/sides scrape against under underline rock

Permeability

The quality or property for material that allows liquids to pass through.

Porosity

How many holes/gaps something has measure of empty spaces

Pebbles/gravel

Best sentiments for a water well

Fine sand

As low probability in less connected, poor space to Protect the ground below

Equator

Alpine glaciers can form At the

Plucking

Glaciers pull and lifts blocks from the ground

U shaped glacier trough

What shape does A glacier make when it errodes

V shaped

What shape does a river make when it arose?

Esker

Long winding snake found in Continental

Drumline

Half egg hill found in Continental

Kame

Irregular shaped hill found in continental

Kettle Lake

Water filter depressions formed by glacial outwash, found in continental

Terminal Marine

Accumulation of unsorted rocks pushed forward and deposited by the leading edge found in both Alpine in continental

Arete

ThinSharp edge of a mountain. Found in Alpine

Horn

Sharp Mountain Peak found in Alpine

Glacial trough

U-shaped Found in Alpine

Quantitive data

Counted measured expressed in numerals

Qualitative data

Interpretive descriptive

Glacier formations

Snow remains in the same area year-round cause

The principle of superposition

I undisturbed succession of sedimentary rocks. The oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest is at the top.

Law of crosscutting relationships

Geological features that cut across another rock is younger that is younger than the rock it disrupts

Law of original horizontality

Layers of sediment deposited horizontal due to gravity

Oxidation hydrolysis and dissolution

Chemical weathering types

Frost wedging abrasion exfoliation

Types of physical weathering

Oxidation

Chemical reaction in which an atom loses an electron

aquiclude

Impliable geological formation and let no water in

Aquitard

Low probability formation restricting water varies slow water

Well

Artificial opening the extract ground water

Hydrolysis

Water breaks down chemical bounds

Dissolution

Breaking down or disintegrating

Mug amount of time, biological activity, flat surface

Great area for thick and fertile soil

Aquifer

Underground layer of water, bearing permeable rock that stores and transmits ground water

For 1/2 of the parent isotope decay to daughter isotopes

A half-life is the amount of time required

RCBAO

Soil horizons in order top to bottom

Unconformity

General term for a gap in the geological rock record that represents a period of missing time

Erosion

Natural process with wind, water, ice gravity, weeks away, rock soil surface materials, and move them to a new location

Relative dating

Chronological events without specific Numerical age

Absolutely dating

Numerical age range and absolute years

Uniformitanrnism

The present is the key to the past present day geological processes also occurred in the past