Pharmacology (PACOP 💚)

potentiation

drug which has no effect enhances the effect of a second drug:

quantal dose

When the dose of the drug is gradually increased and the first noticeable effect is observed, the dose that produces this effect is called:

thalamus

Regulates and directs sensory impulses traveling to the cortex:

cerebellum

Coordinate body movement and posture to help maintain body equilibrium:

lithium salts

Used prophylactically in treating manic depressive patients and in the treatment of manic episodes

Phenytoin

Generalized tonic-clonic drug:

Diazepam

Drug of choice in the treatment of status epiliptecus:

Pharmacokinetics

branch of pharmacology that deals with disposition and fate of drug is

dobutamine

Can improve the CO of CHF patient:

Allopurinol

Effective for the management of acute gouty arthritis:

Cimetidine

Inhibits warfarin metabolism and causes potentiation of anticoagulant:

Tetracylcine

can lead to discoloration of teeth if given to children

Bleomycin

Which of the ff. agents shows cytotoxicity that is cell cycle specific?

muscarinic receptors

Acetylcholine transmits all parasympathetic signals to end organs by binding to:

Alpha 2 postsynaptic adrenergic receptor

Responsible for reducing the release of NE from sympathetic nerves

Phentolamine

Produces competitive antagonism of catecholamine by blockade of alpha 1 receptors:

posology

study of doses

urinary pH is low

Weak acids are reabsorbed into the bloodstream when:

GABA

inhibitory amino acid?

graded

response characterized by increasing magnitude with greater concentration of unbound drug at the receptor site:

onset of action

period from the drug administration to the first visible effect is:

vertigo

Meclizine is used to prevent nausea and vomiting due to:

HTN criss and cerebral stroke

When MAOi is taken with tyramine containing food it can result to serious consequences such as:

Disulfiram

drug used to treat chronic alcoholism

ketamine

dissociative anesthetic agent

phenobarbital

drug useful in febrile seizure

naloxone

drug that reverses the effects of morphine and heroin by competitively blocking the opioid receptors:

central compartment

sum of all body regions in which the drug concentration is an instantaneous equilibrium

with that in blood or plasma:

hypothalamus

important autonomic nervous system center wherein it plays a role in the regulation of body temperature water balance, and metabolism:

minimum alveolar concentration

standard of comparison for potency of general anesthetic agent is:

cocaine

drug produces tolerance, abuse, hyperyrexia and anorexia:

seizures

most serious adverse effect of local anesthetics:

osteomalacia

Softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D either from a poor diet or lack of sunshine or both:

auto induction

drug stimulates its own metabolism, the phenomenon is called:

carbamazepine

primary drug for treatment of major motor seizures and partial seizures?

phenytoin

Granulocytopenia, GI irritation, gingival hyperplasia and facial hirsutism are all possible side effects of which of the following anticonvulsant drugs?

bupropion

Chemically it is a trimethylated monocyclic phenylaminoketone used for the treatment of major depression:

sedation

most common adverse effect associated with the use of antihistamines is:

neostigmine

Drug of choice for myasthenia gravis:

norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter at adrenergic receptors:

acetylcholine

Neurotransmitter at cholinergic receptor

phentolamine

Antagonist at alpha adrenergic receptors:

atropine

Antagonist at muscarinic receptors:

curare

Antagonist at nicotinic receptor:

catechol-o-methyl transferase

monoamine oxidase

Enzyme/s which break/s down the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nerve:

monoamine oxidase

Enzyme/s which break/s down the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nerve:

adrenergic agonist

Dopamine

antiacetylcholinesterase

Edrophonium

vitamin K

Antidote for warfarin toxicity:

minoxidil

Antihypertensive agent used as hair grower in alopecia:

synergism

Two drugs have the same pharmacological effects but when given together produced a greater effect than if each drug was given individually

therapeutic index

Measures the safety and usefulness of the drugs:

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Most common side effect of aminoglycosides:

pseudomembranous colitis

Most common side effect of clindamycin:

sulfonamide

Where can you find kernicterus as its side effect?

chloramphenicol

Drug of choice for typhoid fever:

acyclovir

drug of choice for herpes zoster (shingles) infection:

metronidazole

Drug of choice for trichomoniasis:

cobalamine

Vitamin given to prevent pernicious anemia:

inhibit ergosterol

Mechanism of action of nystatin

prevent PABA to form folic acid

Mechanism of action of sulfonamides:

increase tissue levels of the drug

Displacement of a drug from plasma binding sites would usually be expected to:

partial

Type of epilepsy which involves the spread of electrical firing in a single hemisphere of the brain

fish liver oil

Richest source of vitamin A:

hemorrhage

Vitamin K deficiency state:

myoclonic seizures

Type of general seizure which involves the abnormal movement of muscles:

methoxyflurane

Most potent member of the general anesthetics:

cholesterol

Precursor of Vitamin D3:

cholecalciferol

Responsible for calcification of bone and renal phosphate clearance

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

H2 histamine receptor lockers are of great value in treating patients with:

rifampicin

inhibits the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Mycobacteria:

oral rehydration salts

Therapy choice for diarrhea:

theophylline

Xanthine alkaloid used as bronchodilator:

edema

Androgens can cause fluid retention, leading to:

Phenobarbital

Drug of choice for status epilepticus in children:

petit mal

Also known as absence seizures:

pernicious anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency state:

disinfectants

Bactericidal drugs that are applied to non-living material:

ethambutol

Anti-TB drug which causes optic neuritis:

protamine sulfate

antidote for heparin overdosage:

propranolol

non-selective beta antagonist, it blocks both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors:

megaloblastic

Type of anemia which produces immature RBC decreasing their oxygen carrying capacity (this results due to the decreased biosynthesis of thymidylate which in turn is utilized in the synthesis of DNA)

inhalation

side effects of steroids diminish when the drug is given via:

green leafy vegetables

richest source of vitamin K:

phenolphthalein

stimulant laxative also used as an indicator in acid-base titrations:

pyridoxine

Antidote for INH toxicity

100% oxygen

hyperbaric oxygen

helium + oxygen mixture

Antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning:

epinephrine

emergency treatment of anaphylactic shock, one should administer:

decreased tissue potassium

Metabolic alkalosis is likely to enhance digitalis toxicity because it is often associated with:

hydrochlorothiazide

antihypertensive agent that rarely produces postural hypotension as a troublesome side effect is:

ergotamine

drug is a mainstay for the acute treatment of migraine:

ergonovine

ergot alkaloid used to induce uterine smooth muscle contraction:

ferrous sulfate

Drugs used for microcytic anemia:

myocardial infarction

Oxygen-starved areas of the heart begin to die

aluminum hydroxide

Constipating antacid:

pharmacotherapeutics

applied form of pharmacology: