Evolution_2_2025 LMS

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Last updated 12:48 PM on 3/3/25
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23 Terms

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Evidence for Evolution
The fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, common ancestry, convergent evolution, phylogenetic constraint, adaptive radiation, geographic distribution, and domestication.
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Comparative Anatomy
The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
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Homologous Traits
Similar features in different species that are derived from a common ancestor.
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Analogous Traits
Features that evolve independently in different species due to similar environmental pressures.
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Vestigial Structures
Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
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Cladogenesis
The division of a single lineage into two lineages.
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Anagenesis
Evolution within a single lineage, without branching.
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Adaptive Radiation
The evolution of several ecologically diverse species from a common ancestral species.
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Phylogenetic Constraint
Constraints in evolutionary pathways due to inherited traits from ancestors.
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Common Ancestry
The concept that species share a common ancestor.
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Fossil Record
A dated sequence of morphological change that provides evidence for evolution and common ancestry.
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Artificial Selection
A process by which humans breed plants and animals for specific traits.
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Natural Selection
The mechanism by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
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Convergent Evolution
The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar traits due to adapting to similar environments.
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Mosaic Evolution
The pattern of evolutionary change where different traits evolve at different rates.
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Evolutionary Trends
Directional changes in features and diversity of organisms over time.
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Stratigraphy
The study of rock layers (strata) to determine the chronological age of fossils.
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Homoplasy
Similar appearance in structures that may or may not be homologous or analogous.
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Homozygous
An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait.
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Heterozygous
An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait.
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Domestication
The process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use.
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Geographic Distribution
The spread of species across different geographic regions and the factors influencing it.
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Fossil Evidence for Evolutionary Failure
Extinction events in the fossil record that demonstrate the failure of certain species.