M&D Unit 6

Data analysis involves: _____

Extracting useful information from data

Data analysis guides: _____

Decision making

Answers "How consistent and accurate is our visual analysis?": _____

Reliability of visual analysis

Type I error: Wrongly concluding: _____

IV has produced a change in DV when it hasn't

Type II error: Wrongly concluding: _____

IV has NOT produced a change in DV when it has

Formative visual analysis:

Occurs: _____

Throughout the investigation

Formative visual analysis:

Seeks to explore: _____

Within- and across-phase effects

Summative visual analysis:

Occurs: _____

After the investigation is complete

Summative visual analysis:

Seeks to determine: _____

Effects of the IV

Cyclical data patterns show repeating sequences of: _____

Increasing and then decreasing trends in a data set

Immediacy of change:

Time between the _____

Introduction/removal of an IV & change in the DV

Level shift: _____

Changes in central tendency across phases

Overlap: _____

Range of values shared across phases

Percent of non-overlapping data (PND) is % of values: _____

NOT shared in current condition compared to adjacent condition

Split-middle method allows one to: _____

Estimate and plot a trend line

Split-middle method:

Trend line helps: _____

Compare trends between conditions

Stability envelope involves: _____

2 parallel lines drawn on either side of the median or trend

Stability envelope helps determine: _____

Stability around level/trend within conditions

Dual criteria method & conservative dual criteria methods are: _____

Refinements of the split-middle method

Dual criteria method carries: _____

Trend and level lines from previous conditions to adjacent conditions

Conservative dual criteria:

Same as dual criteria EXCEPT: _____

Adjusts level lines by .25 standard deviation

Consistency of patterns answers: _____

Are patterns in subsequent replications similar to one another?

Visual analysis variables: L _____

Level

Visual analysis variables: T _____

Trend

Visual analysis variables: V _____

Variability

Visual analysis variables: O _____

Overlap

Visual analysis variables: I _____

Immediacy of change

Visual analysis variables: C _____

Consistency of patterns

Type I error AKA: _____

False positive

Type II error AKA: _____

False negative

2 types of visual analysis: _____

Formative and summative visual analysis

Characteristics of trend analysis (3): _____

Slope, magnitude, stability

Methods for evaluating trend changes:

SMM: _____

Split-middle method

Methods for evaluating trend changes:

SE: _____

Stability envelope

Methods for evaluating trend changes:

DCM: _____

Dual criteria method

Methods for evaluating trend changes:

CDCM: _____

Conservative dual criteria method

7 steps for Visual Analysis

1. review graph for graphing standards

2. examine the research question

3. determine if there are sufficient data

4. analyze within-condition variables

5. analyze across-condition variables

6. analyze consistency of change

7. make a summative conclusion

6 Visual analysis variables

1. Level

2. trend

3. variability

4. overlap

5. immediately

6. consistency of patterns