ap psych memory flash cards

whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think

linguistic determinism

in language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

grammar

the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

syntax

speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

babbling stage

set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences

semantics

our spoken, written and signed words and then we combine them to communicate meaning

language

the smallest unit that carries meaning

morpheme

the smallest distinct sound unit

phoneme

one problem (involving memory) that students face frequently in school is ___

interference

one is more likely to recognize info that to ___ it

recall

the organization of info into meaningful units

chunking

memories are formed in the brain as new ____ are formed

synapses

this is the synaptic basic of memory.

long term potentiation (LTP)

researcher who cut out parts of rats brains to demonstrate that memories were stored in more than 1 location

karl lashley

person who came up with the forgetting curve (exponential line showing the decline in memory retention) and the spacing effect

herman ebbinghaus

the most powerful (and easy) method of improving memory

rehearsal

A brief (tenths of a second) picture of visual info is stored in the sensory memory

iconic memory

the most valuable form of encoding, in terms of helping one to remember info

semantic encoding

person who can’t form any new memories because his brain was damaged by encephalitis

clive wearing

researcher that believes that memory is reconstructive, and that eyewitness testimony is very unreliable

elizabeth loftus

“i know what it is, but I just can’t quite pull it out of my memory.”

tip of the tongue

method of loci

mnemonic device where you mentally place information at specific spots along a familiar route or space