Cell structure

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in all organisms

How many cells is body composed of

220 types of cells, 37 trillion cells in total

Different types of cells

different shapes and functions

Nucleus

• contains DNA which determines heredity and instructs protein synthesis

• controls all activities in the cell

Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like

• Contains water, protein and minerals (mainly composed of water)

• Provides us place for chemical reaction to take place inside the cell

Cell membrane

• a thin layer made of lipids and proteins.

• selectively permeable

• Controls the movement of substances into and of the cell

Cell wall

• found in plant cells only

• made of cellulose

• fully permeable

• protects, supports and gives shape two plant cells

Chloroplast

• Found in plant cells only

• Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis and to produce glucose

Vacuole

• Usually plant cells have large vacuole

• Contains water and dissolved substances (salt, sugar) such as food and enzymes (minion working)

• Store mainly water

• Gives turgidity

Mitochondria/Mitochondrion

• Rod-shaped

• Site for respiration to release energy

• Active cells (e.g sperm cells, muscle cells) have more mitochondria

• Not visible under light microscope

• Bacteria, archaea, mature red blood cells no have