Axial Skeleton - Part I

Flashcards covering the axial skeleton, bone markings, cranial bones, sutures, facial bones, and paranasal sinuses from Lab 3.

What four main components compose the human skeleton?

Bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments

How many named bones make up the human skeleton, and how are they divided?

206 named bones divided into the axial skeleton (80 bones) and appendicular skeleton (126 bones)

Which three skeletal structures make up the axial skeleton?

Skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax

What are the primary divisions and major skeletal components shown in this diagram?

The human skeleton divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, bony thorax) and the appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limb)

What are the three general functions of bone markings?

1. Projections that provide attachment for muscles and ligaments
2. Projections that help form joints
3. Depressions and openings for passage of nerves and blood vessels

In bone anatomy, how is a foramen defined?

A hole or opening in a bone

In bone anatomy, what are fossae?

Basin-like depressions in bone

What is a suture?

An immovable fibrous joint

What is an articulation?

A joint between bones

What does the term 'articulate' mean?

To form a joint

What is a ramus in bone terminology?

A bony projection

What is a condyle?

A smooth prominence on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone

What is a concha?

A bone curled like a sea shell

Which six bones form the cranial bones?

Frontal bone, Parietal bone, Temporal bone, Sphenoid bone, Ethmoid bone, and Occipital bone

What bone markings are located on the frontal bone?

Glabella and supraorbital foramen

What bone markings are associated with the temporal bone?

Mastoid process, Styloid process, Mandibular fossa, Zygomatic process, External acoustic meatus, Carotid canal, and Jugular foramen

What bone markings and features are part of the sphenoid bone?

Lesser wing, Greater wing, Sella turcica, Optic canal, and Foramen ovale

What bone markings belong to the occipital bone?

Foramen magnum, Occipital condyles, and External occipital crest

What bone markings and structures belong to the ethmoid bone?

Cribriform plate, Crista galli, Superior nasal concha, and Middle nasal concha

Which four sutures are specified in the lecture notes?

Coronal suture, Squamous suture, Lambdoid suture, and Sagittal suture

What seven bones comprise the facial bones?

Nasal bone, Mandible, Zygomatic bone, Maxilla, Vomer, Lacrimal, and Inferior nasal concha

Which bone markings belong to the mandible?

Mandibular condyle, Coronoid process, Mandibular ramus, Alveolar margin, Mandibular foramen, Mental foramen, Mandibular notch, and Mandibular angle

What bone markings are associated with the maxilla?

Infraorbital foramen, Alveolar margin, and Incisive fossa

Which two bones/structures compose the hard palate?

Palatine bone and Palatine process of maxillary bone

What are the four paranasal sinuses shown in this figure?

Frontal sinus, Ethmoid sinus, Sphenoid sinus, and Maxillary sinus