Chapter 5 Highlights
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Who completed the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1919?
Captain John Alcock and Lieutenant Arthur Whitten Brown.
On what date did the first nonstop transatlantic flight depart?
June 14, 1919.
What specific model of aircraft did Alcock and Brown fly?
A modified Vickers Vimy twin-engine bomber.
Where did Alcock and Brown land at the end of their flight?
Clifden, Ireland.
What was barnstorming?
A form of post-WWI aerial showmanship involving stunt flying and passenger rides.
What two main activities did barnstormers offer to spectators?
Aerobatic stunt performances and joyrides for passengers.
What type of aircraft surplus contributed to the rise of barnstorming in the US?
Inexpensive military surplus airplanes (such as the Curtiss JN-4 Jenny).
What group of individuals provided the workforce for barnstorming after World War I?
Demobilized military pilots looking for employment.
What was the primary plane model used by American barnstormers?
The Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny".
Why was the Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" widely available after WWI?
It was sold off in large quantities as wartime military surplus.
What feature made the Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" practical for traveling stunt pilots?
It was inexpensive and easy to maintain and repair.
What made it easy for new pilots to enter the barnstorming industry initially?
Low initial purchase prices for surplus aircraft.
What financial burden made long-term barnstorming difficult to sustain?
High maintenance costs and rapid aircraft depreciation.
What was the peak number of pilots in the Army Air Service during WWI?
Almost 9,000 pilots.
How many pilots remained in the Army Air Service by the early 1920s?
1,000 pilots.
Why did the Army Air Service perform promotional flights in the early 1920s?
To gain public support and prove its value as a military branch.
What major US boundary flight was completed in 1919?
The first flight around the border of the United States.
What target did the Air Service successfully bomb from an airplane in 1921?
A battleship.
What two flight milestones were achieved by the Air Service in 1923?
The first nonstop transcontinental US flight and the first aerial refueling.
Who was the Head of the Air Service that created "The Plan"?
Major General Mason Patrick.
What was the primary objective of "The Plan"?
To complete a round-the-world flight.
What naval event in 1919 was "The Plan" meant to match in significance?
The Navy's 1919 transatlantic crossing.
Which government body secured international flight permissions across more than 20 countries?
The US State Department.
Into how many support districts was the logistical network divided?
6 support districts.
How many ground locations were supplied with personnel and equipment for the flight?
More than 50 locations.
Who was the commanding officer among the four pilots selected for the World Flight?
Major Frederick L. Martin.
Who were the three lieutenants chosen as pilots for the World Flight?
Lt. Erik Nelson,
Lt. Lowell H. Smith,
Lt. Leigh Wade.
How were mechanics selected for each aircraft?
Each pilot chose his own mechanic.
Where were the 8 crew members sent for special training?
Langley Field, Virginia.
What three core subjects were taught during the crew's training at Langley Field?
Aerial navigation, meteorology, and first aid.
What model of aircraft was selected for the round-the-world attempt?
The Douglas World Cruiser.
What type of military plane was modified to create the Douglas World Cruiser?
A Navy torpedo bomber.
What were the names of the four Douglas World Cruisers?
Boston, Chicago, New Orleans, and Seattle.
How many seats and cockpits did the Douglas World Cruiser have?
Two seats in open cockpits.
What materials were used to construct the wings and fuselage of the World Cruiser?
Wooden wings and a steel fuselage.
Which navigational instrument was used onboard to determine heading?
A compass.
Which engine conditions were monitored using dashboard gauges?
Water temperature, and oil temperature/pressure.
Why were radios intentionally left off the planes?
To reduce overall weight.
From where did the Army World Flight take off?
Lake Washington near Seattle.
Which pilot crashed into a mountain on the Alaskan peninsula?
Major Frederick L. Martin.
Which plane was lost during the crash in Alaska?
The Seattle.
Through which Asian regions did the flight pass after leaving Japan?
South Asia and the Middle East.
In which country were the planes given a major overhaul before crossing the Atlantic?
Britain.
What mechanical issue caused the Boston to go down near the Faroe Islands?
Loss of oil pressure.
Which two aircraft successfully completed the full world flight?
The Chicago and the New Orleans.
What was the total flight time recorded for the round-the-world journey?
363 hours and 7 minutes.
Did the world flight achieve its main political goal of securing military funding?
No, it failed to secure sufficient political support.
What system was created at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919?
A multilateral system for managing international airspace.
Which peace treaty completely banned German military aviation after WWI?
The Treaty of Versailles.
What restriction was imposed on Germany by the London Ultimatum of 1921?
It forbade the manufacturing of all aircraft in Germany.
What maximum engine horsepower was allowed for German civil planes in 1922?
60 horsepower (hp).
What were the speed and altitude limits placed on German civil planes in 1922?
Speed below 106 mph and altitude lower than 13,000 feet.
What was the military's role in the establishment of US Air Mail?
Proving the initial air route and concept.
What government entity took over airmail operations from the military?
The United States Post Office.
When was the first official Air Mail route established?
August 1918.
What two cities were connected by the first Air Mail route?
New York and Washington.
How many total flights and miles were flown by US Air Mail in 1918?
700 flights covering 80,000 miles.
How many forced landings occurred in 1918?
46 forced landings.
How many total flights and miles were flown by US Air Mail in 1919?
1,600 flights covering 400,000 miles.
How many forced landings were recorded in 1919?
160 forced landings.
What cities made up the first transcontinental airmail segment?
New York to Cleveland, Ohio.
What cities were connected by the second transcontinental airmail segment?
Cleveland, Ohio to Chicago, Illinois.
What city pair formed the western transcontinental segments added in 1920?
Omaha to San Francisco.
What flight safety equipment did the Air Mail Service test on its planes?
Fire protection, ignition systems, and specialized flight instruments.
What ground and radio technologies were tested for route navigation?
Radio navigation aids and light beacons.
What operational capability was developed to allow 24-hour mail transport?
Night flying.
What is the common name for the Air Mail Act of 1925?
The Kelly Act.
How did the Air Mail Act of 1925 change who flew the airmail?
It transferred mail transport from the Post Office to private commercial airlines.
What is the common name for the Air Commerce Act of 1926?
The Bingham Bill.
Which government department gained authority over civil aviation under the Air Commerce Act of 1926?
The Department of Commerce.
Name two regulatory tasks introduced by the Air Commerce Act of 1926.
Pilot licensing and aircraft airworthiness regulations