Lab Practical 1 (Piglet Dissection) - ANS 2140L

Parotid Salivary Glands

Located below the ears

Submaxillary (submandibular) Salivary Glands

Located at the base of the jaw, on medial edge

Sublingual Salivary Glands

Located on either side, below the tongue

Components of Saliva

• BMWS

  • Bicarbonate, Mucin, Water, Salivary amylase

Buccal Cavity

• Empty space in mouth, contains:

  • Hard palate — roof of mouth with underlying bone

  • Soft Palate — posterior to the hard palate

Pharynx

• Open space behind buccal cavity

  • Begins at soft palate, ends at juncture of larynx and esophagus

• Pathway for both food/drink and air —> a part of both digestive and respiratory system

Larynx

• Part of respiratory tract between pharynx and trachea

  • Contains vocal cords —> functions in vocalization

Thyroid Cartilage

• Forms the anterior wall of larynx, protects vocal cords

Epiglottis

• Curled inside opening into the trachea

  • Blocks larynx during swallowing

  • Prevents food/drink from entering larynx and passing into lungs

Trachea

• Transports air from larynx to bronchi

• Contains cartilage rings to hold it open

Esophagus

• Parallels the trachea, dorsal to trachea

• Carries ingested food from pharynx to stomach

Pleura

• Membrane that lines walls of thoracic cavity and surrounding lungs

• Cushions lungs + provides lubrication to lungs, allowing them to move smoothly in thoracic cavity

Pericardium

• Membrane surrounding the heart, forming a fluid-filled sac

• Keeps heart in chest cavity, prevents the herat form over-expanding

Diaphragm

• Skeletal muscle, separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

• Contraction increases size of thoracic cavity

Peritoneum

• Membrane that lines abdominal cavity, surrounding vital organs

• Supports vital organs, serves as a conduit for blood, lymph vessels, and nerves

Liver

• Large, purpleish-brown organ posterior to diaphragm

  • Major metabolic processing unit, maintains levels of nutrients in blood

  • Secretes bile (digestive function)

Gall Bladder

• Stores and excretes bile; found under the right lobe of liver

Stomach

• Produces HCl and enzyme pepsinogen, begins digestion of proteins

Greater Omentum

• Part of peritoneum, covering much of the stomach

  • Lace-y in appearance

• Responsible for leukocyte production

• Large amounts of fat are deposited here in order animals

Spleen

• Long, slender, flat organ found left of the stomach

• Largest lymphatic organ in the body

  • Produces lymphocytes

  • Removes old + damaged RBC

Pancreas

• Found in duodenal loop of small intestine

  • Pink in color, chewing gum texture

• Endocrine functions = secretion of insulin and glucagon

• Exocrine functions = secretion of digestive enzymes (trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen)

Small Intestine

• Consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (DJI)

• Longer than large intestine but smaller in appearance

• Responsible for digestion of food and absorption of digestive products

Duodenum

• First part of small intestine

  • Receives chyme from stomach

  • Forms duodenal loop (pancreas location)

• Produces large amounts of bicarbonate, neutralizing chyme

• Receives bile from gall bladder and enzymes secreted by pancreas

Jejunum

• Middle portion of small intestine —> usually the longest

• Digestion of protein and carbohydrate

• Absorption of MACI = monosaccharides, amino acids, calcium, and iron

Ileum

• Connects to large intestine

• Ileocecal valve regulates flow of material from here to large intestine

• Absorption of WEBB - water, electrolytes, bile salts, vitamin (B)12

Mesentery

Folds of peritoneum that connect and anchor small intestine

Large Intestine

• Comprised of cecum, colon, and rectum

  • Shorter in length, larger in diameter

  • Thinner-walled than small intestine

Cecum

• Microbial fermentation of residual starch + some cellulose

• Absorption of fermentation products + water

Colon

• Longest part of the large intestine

  • Microbial fermentation of residual starch + some cellulose

  • Absorption of fermentation products + water

Rectum

• Last part of intestine

  • Forms shape of droppings

Kidneys

• Lateral to spine, dorsal to intestines

• Removal of waste products from blood + regulation of blood volume and body pH