Growth & Development Across the Life Span, Part 1

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture covering physical growth, developmental milestones, play classifications, theories of development, prenatal stages, and pediatric safety priorities.

Growth

Measurable physical changes in the body, such as height, weight, head circumference, muscle mass, and bone density.

Development

The gain of abilities over time—such as language, thinking, emotional regulation, social interaction, and motor skills—which is observed rather than measured.

Cephalocaudal Pattern

Developmental progression moving from the head downward, where infants gain head control before trunk control and sitting before walking.

Proximodistal Pattern

Developmental progression moving from the center of the body outward, where children gain control of their shoulders before fine finger movements.

Solitary Play

Play characteristic of infants where they play alone to explore their environment through their senses.

Parallel Play

Play characteristic of toddlers where they play beside one another without directly interacting or sharing.

Associative Play

Play characteristic of preschoolers involving interaction without strict rules, dominated by creativity and imagination.

Cooperative Play

Play characteristic of school-age children involving organized activities, games with rules, sports, and teamwork.

Onlooker Play

Play behavior where a child observes others playing before or instead of actively participating.

Erikson's Stage: Trust vs. Mistrust

Psychosocial stage from birth to 1 year where infants learn whether the world is safe through consistent, loving care.

Erikson's Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Psychosocial stage from 1 to 3 years where toddlers strive for independence and self-control.

Erikson's Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt

Psychosocial stage from 3 to 5 years where preschoolers explore, take the lead, and make simple choices.

Erikson's Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority

Psychosocial stage from 6 to 11 years where school-age children gain confidence by learning new skills and seeking social acceptance.

Erikson's Stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Psychosocial stage from 12 to 17 years where adolescents work to discover their personal, sexual, and occupational identity.

Erikson's Stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Psychosocial stage in young adults focused on forming intimate, loving relationships and long-term commitments outside the family.

Erikson's Stage: Generativity vs. Stagnation

Psychosocial stage in middle adulthood focused on making a lasting mark on the world through raising children, mentoring, or community work.

Erikson's Stage: Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Psychosocial stage in older adulthood where individuals reflect on their lives to attain wisdom and a sense of completeness.

Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage

Cognitive stage from birth to 2 years where infants learn through physical senses and motor actions, developing object permanence.

Object Permanence

Cognitive milestone developed during the sensorimotor stage understanding that an object continues to exist even when out of sight.

Piaget's Preoperational Stage

Cognitive stage from 2 to 6 years where children use language and imagination but engage in literal, concrete, and egocentric thinking.

Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage

Cognitive stage from 7 to 11 years where children develop logical thinking, understanding rules, sequencing, and cause and effect.

Piaget's Formal Operational Stage

Cognitive stage starting at age 12 where individuals develop abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and evaluation of long-term consequences.

Kohlberg's Preconventional Level

Level of moral reasoning in young children where decisions are based on immediate consequences, such as avoiding punishment or getting rewards.

Kohlberg's Conventional Level

Level of moral reasoning where individuals follow rules to gain social approval and maintain social order.

Kohlberg's Postconventional Level

Level of moral reasoning typically reached in adulthood where decisions are guided by deeply held ethical principles.

Freud's Oral Stage

Psychosexual stage from birth to 1 year where pleasure and comfort are centered on sucking and feeding.

Freud's Anal Stage

Psychosexual stage from 1 to 3 years centered on toilet training and developing bodily control.

Freud's Phallic Stage

Psychosexual stage from 3 to 6 years where children become aware of body differences and identify with the same-sex parent.

Freud's Latency Stage

Psychosexual stage from 6 to 12 years focused on social relationships, school, hobbies, and skill development.

Freud's Genital Stage

Psychosexual stage during adolescence focused on mature sexuality, identity, and healthy relationships.

Anticipatory Guidance

Proactive nursing intervention of educating families on upcoming physical, developmental, and safety changes before they occur.

Atraumatic Care

Nursing care provided in a manner that minimizes physical and emotional distress for pediatric patients and their families.

Active Immunity

Immune protection produced directly by the body's immune system after exposure to an antigen or vaccine.

Passive Immunity

Temporary immune protection acquired from receiving external antibodies, such as through breast milk or across the placenta.

Pre-embryonic Stage

Prenatal development period from 0 to 2 weeks involving fertilization, rapid cell division, and implantation.

Embryonic Stage

Prenatal development period from 2 to 8 weeks characterized by organogenesis, representing the period of highest risk for structural abnormalities.

Organogenesis

The formation of body organs during the embryonic stage from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm layers.

Fetal Stage

Prenatal development period from 9 weeks to birth focused on organ growth, functional maturation, and weight gain.

Teratogens

Harmful external substances or exposures (such as alcohol, medications, infections, or radiation) that cause structural malformations during the embryonic stage.

Separation Anxiety

Normal emotional milestone emerging around six months of age where infants exhibit distress when separated from primary caregivers.

ABCs of Safe Sleep

SIDS prevention guideline specifying that infants should sleep Alone, on their Back, and in a Crib.

Period of PURPLE Crying

A normal developmental stage in infants characterized by excessive, unsoothable crying that leaves caregivers frustrated.

Mandatory Reporting

Legal requirement forcing nurses to report reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect to protective authorities without conducting an independent investigation.

Developmental Regression

Temporary reversion to earlier developmental behaviors in children during times of stress, illness, or hospitalization.