FPS-Chapter 6

What is audience

centered speaking?

What is the primary purpose of public speaking?

To gain a desired response from listeners.

What does “To whom am I speaking?” ask the speaker to determine?

The audience’s characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and expectations.

What does “What response do I want?” ask the speaker to determine?

What listeners should know, believe, or do.

What does “How can I accomplish that aim?” ask the speaker to determine?

How to compose and present the message effectively.

What is auditory perception?

The process by which listeners selectively perceive and interpret what they hear.

Why is auditory perception selective?

Listeners filter messages through their frames of reference.

What is the difference between the message sent and the message received?

The speaker sends a message, but the audience interprets and receives the message through its own frame of reference.

What does it mean that audiences are egocentric?

Audiences pay closest attention to ideas that affect them directly.

How should speakers use the fact that audiences are egocentric?

Relate the message to what listeners already know and believe and show how it affects them.

What is demographic audience analysis?

Analyzing an audience based on characteristics such as age, religion, race, ethnicity, culture, gender identity, sexual orientation, group membership, occupation, socioeconomic position, education, and residence.

What is one demographic trait to consider when analyzing an audience?

Age.

Why should a speaker consider age?

Life experience or generation may influence an audience member’s perspective.

Why should a speaker consider religion?

Beliefs or values may be relevant to the topic.

Why should a speaker consider race, ethnicity, or culture?

Experiences and values may shape how listeners receive the message.

Why should a speaker consider gender identity and sexual orientation?

Wording or examples could exclude or misrepresent listeners.

Why should a speaker consider group membership?

Affiliations or loyalties may influence how listeners respond.

What are other demographic variables to consider?

Occupation, socioeconomic position, education, and place of residence.

What should speakers avoid when conducting demographic analysis?

Stereotyping.

What should demographic analysis be combined with?

Situational audience analysis.

What is situational audience analysis?

Analyzing the specific circumstances surrounding the audience and speech.

What are five factors in situational audience analysis?

Audience size, physical setting, disposition toward the topic, disposition toward the speaker, and disposition toward the occasion.

Why is audience size important?

It affects appropriate delivery and the level of interaction.

Why is the physical setting important?

The room, seating, technology, temperature, and distractions can affect the speech.

What does disposition toward the topic mean?

The audience’s interest, knowledge, and attitude toward the topic.

What does disposition toward the speaker mean?

The audience’s credibility, trust, and prior knowledge of the speaker.

What does disposition toward the occasion mean?

The expectations created by the event and its purpose.

What is an audience analysis questionnaire?

A set of questions used to learn about an audience before giving a speech.

What are the three types of questionnaire questions?

Fixed

What is a fixed

alternative question?

What is an example of a fixed

alternative question?

What is a scale question?

A question that allows answers along a continuum.

What is an example of a scale question?

“Rate your support from 1 to 5.”

What is an open

ended question?

What is an example of an open

ended question?

What should speakers do when creating an audience questionnaire?

Plan questions carefully, use all three types, write clearly and unambiguously, and keep the questionnaire brief.

What is audience adaptation?

Adjusting a speech to fit the audience before and during the presentation.

How should a speaker adapt before a speech?

Keep the audience in mind throughout preparation, anticipate reactions, and adapt content, evidence, language, and delivery.

How should a speaker adapt during a speech?

Monitor verbal and nonverbal feedback and adjust explanations, examples, pace, volume, or delivery when needed.

What should a speaker monitor during a speech?

Verbal and nonverbal feedback from the audience.

Why is audience analysis important?

It helps speakers understand their listeners and create messages that are relevant, understandable, and effective.

What is the difference between demographic and situational audience analysis?

Demographic analysis examines audience characteristics, while situational analysis examines the specific circumstances surrounding the speech.

What are examples of demographic traits?

Age, religion, race/ethnicity/culture, gender identity/sexual orientation, and group membership.

What are examples of situational traits?

Audience size, physical setting, disposition toward the topic, disposition toward the speaker, and disposition toward the occasion.

Why should speakers relate their message to what listeners already know?

Connecting new information to existing knowledge makes the message more meaningful and understandable.

What does an audience

centered speaker do?

What should a speaker consider about the audience before preparing a speech?

The audience’s characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, expectations, and desired response.

What should a speaker do if the audience seems confused during a speech?

Adjust explanations, examples, pace, volume, or delivery as needed.

What should a speaker do if the audience reacts differently than expected?

Monitor the feedback and adapt the message or delivery when appropriate.

Why is stereotyping dangerous in audience analysis?

It can lead speakers to make inaccurate assumptions about individual listeners.