General Medical Conditions Part 2 DAVIN

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Etiology

- Hereditary disease causing degeneration of skeletal muscle (gradual replacement of muscle w/ adipose and connective tissue)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy S/S

- Exhibited by frequent falls, difficulty standing

- Muscles tend to shorten as they atrophy

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Management

- Cannot be cured; consistent exercise can be used to retard atrophy

- Ambulation w/ braces until a wheelchair is needed

- Expected death occurs at age 20

Myasthenia Gravis Etiology

- Autoimmune disease where antibodies attack synaptic junction

Myasthenia Gravis S/S

- Dropping of upper eyelids and double vision

- Difficulty chewing and swallowing

Myasthenia Gravis Management

- Treat w/ drugs that inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine

- Corticosteroids

Meningitis Etiology

- Inflammation of meninges surrounding spinal cord and brain

- Caused by infection of meningcoccus bacteria

Meningitis S/S

-Stiff neck, intense headache, sensitivity to light and sound

- Vomiting, convulsions, and coma

Meningitis Management

- Cerebrospinal fluid analyzed for bacteria and WBCs

- Isolation of 24 hours

- ICU

Multiple Sclerosis Etiology

- Auto-immune inflammatory disease of CNS that causes deterioration and damage to myelin sheath

Multiple Sclerosis S/S

- Blurred vision, speech deficits, tremors, muscle weakness in extremities

- tremor spasticity

Multiple Sclerosis Management

- Avoid over exertion, extreme temps and stressful situations

- Establish exercise routine

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) Etiology

- Sclerosis of lateral regions of spinal cord along with/ degeneration of motor neurons and significant atrophy

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis S/S

- Difficulty in speaking, swallowing and us oof hands

- Rapid progression of atrophy resulting in paralysis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Management

- No cure

- Inability to communicate feelings and ideas

Iron Deficiency Anemia Etiology

- Prevalent in menstruating women and males age 7-14

- Small erythrocytes

- Decreased hemoglobin

-Low ferrittin concentration

Iron Deficiency Anemia S/S

- Serum ferritin levels must be assessed

- Ice cravings are common

- Feel burning thighs

Iron Deficiency Anemia Management

- Eat a proper diet including more red meat or dark poultry: avoid coffee and tea

Sickle-Cell Anemia Etiology

- Hereditary hemolytic anemia- RBCs are sickle or crescent shaped

Sickle-Cell Anemia S/S

- fever, pallor, muscle weakness, pain limbs

- pain in upper right quarantine indication splenic infarction

Sickle-Cell Anemia Management

- Provide anticoagulants and analgesics for pain

Hemophilia Etiology

- Hereditary disease caused by absence of clotting factors

- Prologned coagulation time, failure of blood to clot

Hemophilia S/S

- Physical exertion can cause bleeding into muscles and joints

- Joints may become immobilized

Hemophilia Management

- No cure

- If bleeding occurs, athlete should be taken to a medical facility

Type 1 of Diabetes Mellitus

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 of Diabetes Mellitus

Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus Etiology

- Interaction between physical and envriomental factors

- Involves a complete or partial decrease insulin secretion

Diabetes Mellitus S/S

- IDDM is most commonly seen in childhood, thirst, weight loss, constant hunger, tiredness

- NIDDM occurs later in life associated with being overweight

Diabetes Mellitus Management

- Monitor/control glucose levels

- Diet, doses of insulin

- VIgorous exercise

Diabetic Coma Etiology

- Loss of sodium, potassium and ketone bodies through excessive urination (ketoacidosis)

Diabetic Coma S/S

- Labored breathing, fruity smelling breath, nausea, vomiting, thirst, dry mucous

Diabetic Coma Management

- Early detection is critical as this is a life-threatening condition- monitor blood glucose levels

- Insulin injections may help prevent coma

Insulin Shock Etiology

- Occurs when the body has too much insulin and too little blood sugar

Insulin Shock S/S

-Tingling in mouth, hands, or other parts of the body, abdominal pain

-Normal or shallow respiration, rapid heart rate, tremors along with irritability and drowsiness

Insulin Shock Management

- Adhere to a carefully planned diet including snacks before exercise

Seizure Disorders

- Recurrent paroxysmal disorder of cerebral function; alternated consciousness, motor activity, caused by abnormal neuron discharge

Seizure Disorders Etiology

- Some forms of epilepsy there is genetic predisposition

- Brain injury or altered brain metabolism

Seizure Disorders S/S

- Periods of altered consciousness, motor activity, sensory phenomena or inappropriate behavior

- Unconscious and uncontrolled tonic-clonic muscle contractions

Seizure Disorders Management

- Prohibited from participating in collision sports (blow resulting)

- Can be managed with meds

- Be mindful of pressure changes