AGR 324 - Chapter 19: Hindlimb/Pelvis/OFA

What things/conditions might we be looking for when taking images of the pelvis?

- Hip Dysplasia

- Neoplasia

- Arthritis

- Trauma

What portion of the pelvis do we try to look at with the patient in DORSAL recumbency?

What about in STERNAL recumbency? Why?

- Proximal portions of the pelvis & femur

- Distal portion of pelvic limbs (stifle, tibia/fibula, tarsus, metatarsus, and digits)

- To avoid magincation

What are the "normals" for coxofemoral anatomy?

- The cranial ⅓ of each coxofemoral space should be equal in width

- At least ½ of the femoral head should be in the acetabulum

- The angle of the femoral neck should be about 130 degrees

- Femoral heads, should be rounded and smooth with a slight flat spit (the fovea capitis)

- The femoral neck should be smooth wth no proliferative bone

What technique should we use when imaging the hind limb/pelvis?

Low Kv, high time, smaller mA

Where does the marker go in a lateral view? What about in a VD/DV view?

- dorsal/cranial

- laterally

What are the standard pelvic views?

- Lateral

- VD extended-leg (VD frog-leg)

In a lateral pelvic image, which hindlimb should be most cranial?

Down limb

How can you tell a lateral pelvic image is symmetrical?

Femoral heads, iliac wings, transverse processes of the caudal lumber vertebrae

What could you do to image each hip joint separately on a lateral image?

Lateral oblique

Where should you measure and place the central ray for a lateral pelvis?

- Measure: at the level of the trochanter (or wherever thickest)

- Central ray: greater trochanter of the femur

What are the borders for a lateral pelvic image?

- Crainally: wing of ilium to at least one lumbar vertebra

- Caudally: caudal ischium

- Dorsally: to dorsum

- Ventrally: ⅓ of the femur

What do you do with the femurs that's specific to a VD extended-leg pelvis?

Rotate femurs inward

Where do you center the beam in a VD extended leg pelvis?

Midline between the ischial tuberosities

What are the borders for a VD extended leg pelvis?

Tip of the iliac wings to distal patella

What view of the pelvis is submitted for OFA evaluation?

VD extended-leg view

What is the most commonly inherited orthopedic disease of dogs? What does this lead to?

- Hip dysplasia

- Arthritis formation

How old must a dog be for OFA rads to be evaluated and registered?

24 months

What information must be included ON the OFA radiograph?

Hospital or DVM name, date, registration number or name of patient

What are the 7 different OFA result "options"?

- Normal

Excellent

Good

Fair

- Borderline

- Dysplastic

Mild

Moderate

Severe

What is the minimum age for PennHIP evaluation?

16 weeks

What are the 3 views required for submission of PennHIP rads?

- VD extended-leg view of pelvis

- Distraction view of pelvis

- Compression view of the pelvis

What distraction index (DI) is considered very low risk for arthritis development?

< 0.3

What database is for toy breeds >12 months of age? What is it actually screening for?

- Legg-Calve-Perthes datebase

- Looking for hip dz

What are the hallmarks of hip dysplasia on a VD extended leg view?

- Subluxation or luxation

- Increased width of the joint space

- Shallow acetabulum

- Secondary DJD

- Subchondral bone sclerosis +/- exostosis on the rim of the acetabulum

- Proliferative remodeling/degenerative change on femoral neck

- Angle of the femoral neck

What can you place over the distal end of the leg in a lateral femur view to keep the thinner tissue from

being overexposed?

IV bags

In a craniocadal view of the femur, where should the patellas be?

Over the patellar grooves

How is a patient positioned for a caudocranial view (horizontal beam) of the femur and where does the

marker go?

- Lateral, affect limb UP and supported

On plate above limb

How can you tell the lateral stifle image you took is truly a "lateral" and not an oblique?

No knee bend

What does the craniocaudal view of the stifle do to the image of stifle itself?

Magnifies

Why would you take a skyline view of the stifle? What's the other names of this view? What's another

way to do this? Is the affected limb up or down? Where does the cassette go?

- Proximodiastal or cranioproximal-craniodistal

- Use horizontal beam

- Affected limb up

Against the cranial surface of the upper limb

Which view do you take if you are evaluating a limb for a possible TPLO surgery?

Mediolateral view of tibia/fibula

How should the calcaneus be positioned in the plantarodorsal view of the foot?

Hindlimb is extended with the calcaneus vertical