PHS Muscular System

extension

Increasing the angle between two bones or straightening

biceps brachii

Muscle of the upper arm that flexes the lower arm

tendon

Strong connective tissue cord that flexes that attaches muscle to bone

abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline

gastrocnemius

Muscle of the calf that plantar flexes the foot

flexion

Bending or decreasing the angle between two bones

dorsiflexion

Moving the top of the foot toward the lower leg

fascia

Sheet like membrane that covers and protects muscle

latissimus dorsi

Muscle on the back that extends from the spine to the chest that extends and adducts the arm

contracture

Severe tightening of flexor muscles from lack of use

circumduction

Moving a body part in a circle at a joint

atrophy and contracture

What are two consequences of muscle disuse for a long period of time?

pectoralis major

Muscle of the upper chest that adducts and flexes the upper arm

fibromyalgia

Disease of fatigue and chronic pain in specific muscle sites

origin

Where muscle attaches to bone, the end that does not move

trapezius

Muscle of the upper back and neck that extends the head and moves the shoulder

tibialis anterior

Muscle on the front of the lower leg that flexes and inverts the foot

spasm

Sudden involuntary painful muscle contraction or cramp

triceps brachii

Muscle of the upper arm that extends the lower arm

strain

Overstretching of a tendon or muscle

supination

Rotating the forearm so that the palm is forward

Sartorius

Muscle of the front of the thigh that abducts the leg

quadriceps femoris

Large muscle of the front of the thigh that extends the leg

elasticity

Characteristic of muscle that allows it to return to its original shape after being contracted or stretched

strenocleidomastoid

Muscle on the side of the neck that turns and flexes the head

muscular dystrophy

Group of inherited diseases that lead to progressive muscle atrophy

muscle tone

State of partial muscle contraction

atrophy

Muscles shrink in size and lose strength secondary to a lack of use

posture, movement, protection, produce heat & energy

Name 3 functions of skeletal muscle

cardiac, smooth or visceral

What two types of muscles are involuntary?

deltoid

Muscle of the shoulder that abducts the arm

plantarflexion

Downward movement of the top of the foot

skeletal

Which type of muscle is voluntary?

insertion

Where a muscle attaches to bone, the end that moves

pronation

Rotating the forearm so that the palm is backward

intercostals

Muscle between the ribs that moves ribs for breathing

rotation

Moving a body part around its own axis

rectus abdominus

Muscle that extends from the ribs to the pubis and compresses the abdomen

deltoid, gluteus maximus

Two skeletal muscles that are intramuscular injection sites

adduction

Moving a body part towards the body or midline

gluteus maximus

Muscle of the buttock that is an IM injection site