LIN228 midterm

ʧ

The words “child” and “watches” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

ʧ ʤ θ ð ʃ ʒ ŋ ɹ ɪ ʊ ɛ ǝ æ ʌ ɔ ɔj

ʤ

The words “jump” and “judge” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

θ

The words “thumb” and “thin” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ð

The words “this” and “mother” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ʃ

The words “shy” and “shoe” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ʒ

The words “measure” and “rouge” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ŋ

The words “rang” and “ranked” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ɹ

The words “red” and “wrong” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

j

The words “yes” and “beyond” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

i

The words “bead” and “see” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ɪ

The words “bid” and “myth” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ʊ

The words “book” and “put” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

u

The words “booed” and “view” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ɛ

The words “bed” and “said” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ǝ

The words “Buddha” and “ago” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

æ

The words “bad” and “sang” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ʌ

The words “bud” and “putt” and are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

a

The words “body” and “palm” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ej

The words “bayed” and “break” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ow

The words “bode” and “note” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

aj

The words “bide” and “my” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

aw

The words “bowed” and “ouch” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ɔj

The words “Boyd” and “noise” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ɔɹ

The words “court” and “horse” are examples of which GA/Canadian English symbol?

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

ǝ

/_/ occurs in unstressed syllables (ǝ ʌ).

ʌ

/_/ occurs in stressed syllables (ǝ ʌ).

θ

/_/ is the voiceless dental fricative consonant (ð θ).

ð

/_/ is the voiced dental fricative consonant (ð θ).

unrounded

ǝ is a(n) (rounded/unrounded) vowel.

unrounded

ʌ is a(n) (rounded/unrounded) vowel.

rounded

ʊ is a(n) (rounded/unrounded) vowel.

throat/pharynx, mouth/oral cavity, nasal cavity

The vocal tract is comprised of these three parts

oral

The part of the pharynx that is at the back of the mouth

nasal

The part of the pharynx that leads to the nasal cavity

laryngeal

The part of the pharynx that is above the vocal folds

lower lip, tongue

list the lower/active articulators

everything else

list the upper/passive articulators

front (tip/apex, blade/lamina), back/dorsum, root

list the parts of the tongue from front to back.

oral cavity

nasal cavity

pharynx

larynx

vocal folds

tongue

lips

teeth

alveolar ridge

hard palate

velum/soft palate

uvula

larynx

The vocal folds are inside the

glottis

The opening between the vocal folds is known as the

ʔ

If the vocal folds are closed, that means the sound is (Vcd/Vls/ʔ).

Vls

If the vocal folds are widely open, that means the sound is (Vcd/Vls/ʔ).

Vcd

If the vocal folds are vibrating, that means the sound is (Vcd/Vls/ʔ).

place

The location of the consonant obstruction is known as the __________ of articulation.

manner

The degree and type of the consonant obstruction is known as the __________ of articulation.

bilabial

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the lower lip and the UA is the upper lip.

labiodental

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the lower lip and the UA is the upper teeth.

dental

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the tongue tip and the UA is the upper teeth.

alveolar

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the tongue tip and the UA is the alveolar ridge.

postalveolar

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the tongue blade and the UA is the back of the alveolar ridge.

retroflex

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the tongue tip and the UA is the back of the alveolar ridge.

palatal

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the tongue front and the UA is the hard palate.

velar

In a(n) __________ PoA, the LA is the tongue back and the UA is the soft palate.

bilabial

/p b m w/ are __________ consonants.

labiodental

/f v ɱ/ are __________ consonants.

dental

/θ ð/ are __________ consonants.

alveolar

/t d s z n l/ are __________ consonants.

postalveolar

/ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ/ are __________ consonants.

retroflex

/ʈ ɖ ʈʂ ɖʐ ɳ ɹ/ are __________ consonants.

palatal

/ç j/ are __________ consonants.

velar

/k g ŋ w/ are __________ consonants.

glottal

/ʔ h ɦ/ are __________ consonants.

oral stop

In a(n) __________ MoA, air is completely blocked until release.

fricative

In a(n) __________ MoA, there is a narrow opening and the lower lip moves towards the upper teeth.

approximant

In a(n) __________ MoA, there is a wide opening and the LA moves towards the UA without major obstruction.

affricate

In a(n) __________ MoA, there is stop followed by a fricative.

nasal

In a(n) __________ MoA, the velum is lowered, allowing air to pass through the nose.

oral stops

/p b t d ʈ k g ʔ/ are __________.

fricatives

/f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ç h/ are __________.

approximants

/l ɹ w j/ are __________.

affricates

/tʃ dʒ ɖʐ/ are __________.

nasals

/m ɱ n ɳ ŋ/ are __________.

fricatives, approximants

Continuants are

lateral

A type of approximant that is made with only the mid part of the articulators touching

rhotic

A type of approximant that is made with the tongue approaching part of the roof of the mouth without touching it or producing friction

glide

A type of approximant that is phonetically a vowel

glide

/w j/ are __________ approximants

rhotic

/ɹ/ is a(n) __________ approximant

lateral

/l/ is a(n) __________ approximant

is not, cannot, oral

If the velum is raised, there (is/is not) a velic opening, and air (can/cannot) pass through the nasal cavity, i.e., a(n) (nasal/oral) sound.

is, can, nasal

If the velum is lowered, there (is/is not) a velic opening, and air (can/cannot) pass through the nasal cavity, i.e., a(n) (nasal/oral) sound.

oral stops + fricatives + affricates

Obstruents are

/m ɱ n ɳ ŋ l ɹ w j/

Sonorants are

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

/l ɹ/

Liquids are

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

/s z ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ/

Sibilants are

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]

coronal

involves the tongue tip or blade in articulation, i.e., dental, (post)alveolar, retroflex Cs

dorsal

involves the tongue front or back in articulation, i.e., palatal, velar Cs

p b m

f v

w

Everything else

Labial channel line drawings

1 line → /_ _ _/

2 lines close together → /_/

2 lines further apart → /_/

2 lines farthest apart →

[b ç d dʒ ɖ ɖʐ ð f h ɦ j k l ɫ m ɱ n ŋ ɳ p ɾ ɾ̃ ɹ s ʃ t ʈ θ g ʔ ʧ ʈʂ v w ʍ z ʒ]

[a aj aw æ ʌ ʌj ʌw ej ɛ ɪ ow ɔ ɔj ʊ u ə ɚ]