Introduction to IT

Firewalls

Block outgoing messages with certain destination addresses or block incoming messages from untrustworthy sources.

Proxy Server

A software that acts as an intermediary between a client and a server to shield the client from adverse actions of the server.

System Software

General-purpose software that is used to operate computer hardware and provides a platform to run application software.

Application Software

Specific-purpose software used to perform a particular task tailored to a machine's general purpose.

Operating Systems

Software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Kernel

The core of an operating system that encompasses essential functions for computer operation.

User Interface (UI)

Facilitates interaction between users and the operating system, enabling commands via input devices.

Device Drivers

Software that facilitates communication between the operating system and peripheral devices like printers or Bluetooth headphones.

Programming Languages

High-level languages enabling communication between humans and computers to create software and applications.

Algorithms

Step-by-step formulas for performing tasks, essential in problem-solving and machine learning.

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Software that supports the application layer, interacts with users, and manages data in databases.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Language used for querying and manipulating data in databases, complemented by DBMS for communication with the database server.

Scalability

The ability to accommodate increased demands with existing resources.

Database security

Ensuring that only authorized users have access to the database and fortifying against unauthorized access.

High availability

Making replicas (copies) of databases available from various locations to ensure continuous database services.

Business continuity

Ensuring core business operations continue effectively, even with the distribution of some auxiliary services.

Backup and recovery

Planning for and executing adequate backup and recovery procedures to safeguard data.

Database tuning

Optimizing the performance of database systems for efficient operations.

Reporting

Writing complex queries and generating reports for users to analyze data effectively.

Designing and developing database applications

Writing code to interact with the database resources for application development.