Class 11

Psychometrics

The science of measuring psychological attributes such as intelligence, aptitude, and personality.

Sir Francis Galton

Often called the 'grandfather' of modern psychology, he contributed to psychometrics and individual differences theory.

Anthropometric Laboratory

Established by Galton in 1884 to measure individual differences.

Correlation Coefficient

A statistical measurement that describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

Alfred Binet

A pioneer of intelligence testing, he developed the Binet-Simon test to measure mental age.

Mental Age (MA)

The age level at which an individual performs on an intelligence test.

William Stern

He formulated the intelligence quotient (IQ) formula, IQ = (MA ÷ CA) x 100.

David Wechsler

Designed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), which assesses intelligence across different age groups.

Fluid Intelligence

Innate reasoning ability that involves the capacity to solve novel problems independent of any knowledge from the past.

Crystallized Intelligence

Knowledge gained through experience and education, including the ability to use that knowledge.

Eugenics

A controversial movement that aims to improve the genetic quality of a human population.

Charles Spearman

Developed the concept of 'g', a general intelligence factor that influences performance on a variety of cognitive tasks.

Factor Analysis

A statistical method used to identify patterns among variables to uncover underlying factors.

Raven Matrices Test

A non-verbal intelligence test that measures fluid intelligence through pattern recognition.

Positive Eugenics

Encouraging higher birth rates among people with desired traits.

Negative Eugenics

Discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits.

IQ

Intelligence Quotient, a standard score derived from the results of an intelligence test.

Cattell's Theory

Distinguishes between fluid and crystallized intelligence, with fluid being inborn and crystallized being learned.