Chapter 3: Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Vocabulary flashcards covering mole concepts, reaction types, formulas, and stoichiometry from Chapter 3 notes.

Mole

An amount of substance containing $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ entities.

Avogadro's Number

The constant $6.022 \times 10^{23}$, representing the number of entities in one mole of any substance.

Atomic Mass

The mass of one atom of an element, expressed in atomic mass units ($\text{amu}$).

Molar Mass

The mass in grams of one mole of a substance, expressed in units of $\text{g/mol}$.

Molecular Weight

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms present in a molecule, expressed in atomic mass units ($\text{amu}$).

Combination Reaction

A chemical reaction in which two reactants combine to form a single product.

Decomposition Reaction

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down to form two or more products, often facilitated by heat.

Combustion Reaction

A chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen gas ($\text{O}_2$).

Double Displacement Reaction

A chemical reaction in which cations and anions of two reacting compounds trade partners.

Single Displacement Reaction

A chemical reaction in which an individual element displaces another element from a compound.

Molecular Formula

A chemical formula that indicates exactly how many atoms of each element are present in a single molecule.

Empirical Formula

A chemical formula expressing the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Mass Percent

The percentage of total mass contributed by a specific element in a compound, calculated as $\frac{\text{mass of element}}{\text{total mass}} \times 100\%$.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Reagent in Excess

The reactant that remains unreacted after the limiting reactant has completely reacted.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum calculated amount of product that can be formed from the complete reaction of the limiting reactant.

Percent Yield

A measure of reaction efficiency defined by the formula $\frac{\text{Actual}}{\text{Theoretical}} \times 100\%$.