Bio - Organelle & Cell Size Quiz

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) are...

unicellular

Do prokaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles?

no; DNA is located in nucleoid region

Do eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles?

yes

The production & transportation of proteins through cell is called...

protein synthesis

The system that produces proteins is called...

endomembrane system

Describe protein synthesis in 7 steps/locations.

1. nucleus

2. ribosome

3. rough ER

4. vesicle

5. golgi

6. vesicles

7. 3 different situations

a selectively permeable barrier that controls what goes in/out of cell is called...

plasma/cell membrane

what is the plasma membrane made of?

a phospholipid bilayer

(glycerol heads = polar/hydrophilic;

tails = nonpolar/hydrophobic)

What molecules have high/low permeability through the plasma membrane?

high permeability --> nonpolar/hydrophobic (CO2, O2)

low permeability --> polar/hydrophilic (glucose)

What are the 2 types of cell transport?

active (requires energy) & passive (no energy needed)

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

diffusion

the movement of particles from area of high concentration to low concentration

(move DOWN the concentration gradient) until equilibrium

nucleus

- contains & protects DNA

- plant & animal

nucleolus

- creates ribosomes

- plant & animal

nuclear pore

- helps transport of molecules into & out of nucleus

- plant & animal

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

- no ribosomes

- makes lipids, detoxifies drugs, & stores calcium

- plant & animal

rough endoplasmic reticulum

- has ribosomes

- where proteins fold into tertiary structure

- plant & animal

vesicle

- transports proteins & other particles in/out of cell

- plant & animal

golgi apparatus

- stores, modifies, & packages proteins

- modifies them by adding carbs

- plant & animal

plasma/cell membrane

- controls what enters/exits cell

- all

ribosome

- site of protein synthesis

- all

lyosome

- contain digestive enzymes that break down waste

- animal only

peroxisome

- breaks hydrogen peroxide down into water & oxygen

- plant & animal

vacuoles

- store water, enzymes, ions, & waste

- plant & animal

central vacuole

- large vacuole that stores water & waste

- plant only

mitochondria

- powerhouse of cell (makes energy molecule called ATP)

- plant & animal

chloroplast

- site of glucose production

- plant only

microtubules

- move & separate chromosomes during cell division

- make up flagella & cilia

- plant & animal

microfilaments

- provide structural support & motility

- plant & animal

plasmodesmata

- tunnels that go through cell walls for cell-to-cell communication

- plant only

cell wall

- rigid, protective barrier that provides shape

- plant & bacteria

centrosome

- makes the microtubules

- animal only

The higher a cell's surface area : volume ratio...

the higher its % diffusion

Why are cells so small?

A high surface area-to-volume ratio allows them to efficiently transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste across their outer membrane.

Optimizes exchange of materials at the plasma membrane since there's more plasma membrane for diffusion.