GEN CHEM Q1

Chemistry

Science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances.

Organic Chemistry

Branch of chemistry that studies carbon-containing compounds.

Inorganic Chemistry

Branch of chemistry that studies inorganic compounds.

Physical Chemistry

Branch of chemistry that deals with the physical properties and changes of substances.

Biochemistry

Branch of chemistry that studies biological processes and substances.

Analytical Chemistry

Branch of chemistry that focuses on the composition of materials.

Properties of Matter

Characteristics that define different types of matter, including composition and properties.

Physical Property

A characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance's chemical composition.

Intensive Property

A physical property that does not depend on the amount of substance present (e.g., density).

Extensive Property

A physical property that depends on the amount of substance present (e.g., mass).

Chemical Property

A characteristic that describes a substance's potential to undergo chemical change.

Filtration

A separation technique that uses a filter to separate solid particles from liquids or gases.

Distillation

A separation technique that purifies liquids by vaporizing and then condensing them.

Chromatography

A separation technique that separates components of a mixture based on their movement through a medium.

Solid

A state of matter with tightly packed particles, definite shape, mass, and volume.

Liquid

A state of matter with loosely packed particles that can flow, having an indefinite shape and definite volume.

Gas

A state of matter with widely spaced particles, high kinetic energy, and no definite shape or volume.

Plasma

A state of matter consisting of highly charged particles with extremely high kinetic energy, commonly found in stars.

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A state of matter formed at temperatures close to absolute zero, where atoms clump together.

Pure Substance

Matter with a constant composition that cannot be separated by physical means.

Mixture

A physical combination of two or more substances where each retains its own identity.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture where components are uniformly distributed and not visually distinguishable.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where components are not uniformly distributed and can be visually distinguished.

Chemical Formula

A symbolic representation of a compound showing the types and numbers of atoms.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Molecular Formula

A formula that shows the total number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Atomic Structure

The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed from the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions.

Covalent Compounds

Compounds formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals.

Nomenclature

The system of naming chemical compounds according to established rules.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations.

Gas Laws

Relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases based on the motion of their particles.

Graham's Law

A principle stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.