Parasitology Review - Theory Quiz 1

Vocabulary review flashcards based on Unit 1 and Unit 2 parasitology lecture content and image identifications.

Toxocara canis

A large nematode roundworm whose adults are found in the lumen of the small intestine. It has a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 3-5 weeks, and its L2 larval stage is the infective stage.

Toxocara cati

A large nematode roundworm whose adults are found in the lumen of the small intestine. It has a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 8 weeks, and its L2 larval stage is the infective stage.

Toxascaris leonina

A roundworm whose adults are found in the lumen of the small intestine. It has a prepatent period (p.p.p) of around 11 weeks, and its L3 larval stage is the infective stage.

Ancylostoma caninum

A small nematode hookworm found in the mucous membrane (mm) of the small intestine. It has a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 2-3 weeks, and its L3 larval stage is the infective stage.

Ancylostoma tubaeform

A small nematode hookworm found in the mucous membrane (mm) of the small intestine. It has a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 2-3 weeks, and its L3 larval stage is the infective stage.

Trichurs vulpis

A whipworm found in the cecum and colon (large intestine) that has lines inside its bulb. It has a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 90 days (3 months), and its L1 larval stage is the infective stage.

Capillaria aerophila

A lung worm whose adults reside within the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. It has no lines inside its bulb, a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 3-6 weeks, and its L1 stage is infective.

Dioctophyma renale

The giant kidney worm, most commonly found in the right kidney. It has a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 5 months, and its L3 stage is infective.

Microfilaria immitis

Heartworm larvae, whose L3 stage is the infective stage.

Dirofilaria immitis

Adult heartworms located in the pulmonary arteries and right atrium and ventricle. They have a prepatent period (p.p.p) of 6-7 months, and their L3 larval stage is the infective stage.

Helminths

A term referring to a worm. These include Nematodes (roundworms), Cestodes (tapeworms), and Trematodes (flukes).

Nematode

Cylindrical shaped worms, such as Ascarids and roundworms.

Trematode

Flat, tear-drop shaped parasites, such as Trichostrongyle, hookworm, or strongyle.

Cestode

Flat segmented body parasites, such as Trichoroid or whipworm.

Infective stage

Stages of the lifecycle capable of causing infection, such as infective eggs or infective larva.

Prepatent period (p.p.p)

The time between initial infection and the passage of eggs in the feces.

Direct life cycle

A lifecycle where the parasite ages to the infective 3rd larval stage in the external environment (e.g., canine hookworm).

Indirect life cycle

A lifecycle where the parasite uses an intermediate host (e.g., female mosquito ingesting microfilaria of D. immitis during a meal and incubating them until they reach the 3rd infective stage).

Definitive Host

Also called the final or normal host; harbours the adult, sexual, or mature stages of the parasite.

Intermediate Host

A host essential for the parasite to complete its life cycle, harbouring larval, juvenile, immature, or asexual stages where changes occur inside the host (e.g., flea for Dipylidium caninum).

Paratenic Host

Also called a transport host; non-canine or non-feline hosts where the parasite remains alive for a long period without developing into adults, and is not essential to complete the lifecycle.

Anthelmintic

A drug or agent used against worms to remove or destroy intestinal helminths.

Vermicide

An agent that kills parasites by interfering with their enzyme systems.

Vermifuge

An agent that paralyzes or relaxes the parasite, causing it to be expelled, sometimes alive.

Control (Parasitic drug)

A classification used when a parasitic drug has shown 90% efficacy on a regular basis, such as Advantage Multi for monthly prevention.

Treatment (Parasitic drug)

A term used when testing data determines that a parasitic drug has a consistent 90% efficacy.

Fecal Flotation

A classic test for finding eggs in a fecal specimen using either standard vial gravitation flotation (passive method) or centrifugal method (active method).

Fecal Sedimentation

A classic test looking for eggs from a fecal specimen, such as the PARATEST with ECO Greenfix.

Direct Smear

A diagnostic method used to identify certain protozoa, such as using the OVC puddle for cryptosporidium oocysts.

Baermann technique

A parasitic testing technique used to isolate lungworm larvae from feces.

Tracheal migration

Migration occurring in hosts under 6 months of age where larvae hatch in the small intestine, penetrate the gut wall, pass through portal circulation to the liver, hepatic vein, heart, and lungs, develop into L3, are swallowed into the stomach and gut, and mature into adults.

Somatic Migration

Migration occurring in hosts over 6 months of age where larvae slip through the lung capillary bed, pulmonary vein, and heart, and are sprayed out to all parts of the body (mainly muscle), forming a 'dead end' in fixed males and females.

5 methods of infections for dogs, 3 for cats

1. ingestion of infective eggs

2. ingestion of paratenic host

3. Transmammary transmission

Only dogs

4. prenatal transmission

5. ingestion of L3 and L4 in feces of nursing pups by birch

Acariasis

Infestation by mites

Anthelmintic

Drug agent used to destroy intestinal helminths

Arthropod

Bilaterally symmetrical, joint legged invertebrates, hard segmented body

ELISA

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (antigen testing)

Erythema

Redness of skin

Flagellum

Long whip like mobile appendage arising from the surface of a cell used for locomotion

Hexacanth

Infective stage of development in a cestode egg after fertilization takes place

Kinetoplast

An accessory body find in many protozoa contains DNA and replicates

Mange

infestation by External parasite mites

Melena

Dark, tarry stools

Meniscus

Curved upper surface of a liquid on the top of a container

Metacercaria

Resting or maturing stage of a trematode

Morula

Solid mass of cells clustered together

Myasis

invitation of living tissue by fly maggots

O & P

Ova and parasite testing for presence of intestinal parasites using passive or active centrifugation

Opercululm

A lid or covering

Parasitosis

Parasite is present on or within the host and does not produce obvious injury to the host

Pediculosos

Infestation by lice

Piriform

Pear shaped

Prepatent peroid p.p.p

period of time between infection and passage of eggs in feces

Protozoa

Single called micro-organisms usually live in damp environment

Pseudoparasite

Living creatures or objects that are not parasitic and may be mistaken for one

Sporocyst

Cyst that contains oocysts of coccidia in which sporozoites develop

Sporozoite

A spore formed after fertilization

Trophozoite

Active, motile, feeding stage of flagellate protozoa

Variety

members of species, that differ from others of the same species in minor characteristics

Visceral Larva Migrans

Migration of parasitic larvae within a living host

Dirofilaria

Bottom has pointy nose with straight tail

Dipetalonema

curved tail