disease cards chapter 8

aneurysm

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

angina

chest pain or discomfort, caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium; also called angina pectoris

arrhythmia

irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; also called dysrhythmia

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 bpm in a resting adult

fibrillation

abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles

tachycardia

abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 bpm

bruit

soft, blowing sound heard over a blood vessel on auscultation, often associated with turbulent blood flow; it can indicate an underlying vascular issue, such as obstruction or narrowing in the blood vessel

cardiomyopathy

group of diseases that affect the heart muscle and diminish cardiac function; can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, or other complications

coarctation

narrowing of a vessel. especially the aorta

embolism

intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in the other area, commonly leading to life-threatening situations

Heart block

interference with the normal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers

First-degree

atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

second-degree

AV block in which occasional electrical impulses from the SA node failed to be conducted to the ventricles

third-degree

AV block in was the electrical impulses from the atria fail to reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)

heart failure (HF)

inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

congestive

congestive heart failure (CHF) is a specific type of HF that occurs when blood returning to the heart backs up, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and other parts of the body, such as the liver, abdomen, and lower extremities

hyperlipidemia

excessive amount of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

hypertension (HTN)

elevated blood pressure levels persistently exceeding the normal range; measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

hypotension

a medical condition characterized by persistently low blood pressure, generally less than 90/60 mmHg

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflet prolapse into the LA during ventricle contraction (systole), resulting an incomplete closure and backflow of blood

murmur

abnormal heart sound heard with the stethoscope caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart

palpitation

sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described, as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter

peripheral artery disease (PAD)

common circulatory disorder, characterized by reduced flow of blood to the extremities, especially the legs, resulting in muscle cramping in pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis

phlebitis

Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (more commonly the legs)

thrombophlebitis

Inflammation of a vein with the formation of a blood clot

rheumatic heart disease (RHD)

serious pathological condition, resulting from rheumatic fever, a condition that can occur as a result of untreated inadequately treated streptococcal throat infections

syncope

partial or complete loss of consciousness, usually caused by decreased supply of blood to the brain; also called fainting

thrombosis

abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstruction at the site of its formation

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

blood clot that forms in a deep veins of a body, especially those in the legs are thighs; also called deep venous thrombosis