NASM - Chapter 1

Obesity

Excessive body fat; BMI ≥30 kg/m².

Overweight

BMI between 25.0-29.9 kg/m².

BMI (Body Mass Index)

Screening tool using height and weight to classify weight status.

Kinesiology

Study of human movement.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Integration of scientific research, professional expertise, and client values/preferences.

Peer-reviewed research

Research evaluated by experts before publication.

OPT Model

NASM's evidence-based exercise programming system.

Stabilization Endurance

Phase 1 of the OPT Model.

Strength Endurance

Phase 2 of the OPT Model.

Hypertrophy

Phase 3; muscle growth.

Maximal Strength

Phase 4; maximal force production.

Power

Phase 5; speed + strength.

Musculoskeletal System

Bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and connective tissues working together.

Deconditioned

Loss of physical fitness due to inactivity.

Muscle Imbalance

Opposing muscles do not function together properly.

Joint Stability

Ability of surrounding tissues to maintain proper joint position during movement.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Social standing including education, income, and occupation.

Morbidity

Presence of disease.

Mortality

Death rate within a population.

Homeostasis

Body's ability to maintain internal balance.

WHO

World Health Organization.

Health

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being—not merely absence of disease.

Disease

Abnormal condition affecting body structure or function.

Acute Disease

Sudden onset; short duration; usually recoverable.

Chronic Disease

Long-lasting disease that persists over time.

Risk Factor

Characteristic that increases disease likelihood.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels.

Stroke

Blocked or ruptured blood vessel supplying the brain.

Heart Attack (MI)

Blocked blood flow causing heart muscle damage.

Heart Failure

Heart cannot pump enough blood.

Heart Valve Disease

Valve dysfunction reducing blood flow efficiency.

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat.

Ischemic Heart Disease

Reduced blood flow to heart muscle.

Atherosclerosis

Plaque buildup inside arteries.

Exercise

Planned, structured physical activity designed to improve fitness.

Physical Activity

Any movement that increases energy expenditure.

Hypertension

Chronically elevated blood pressure.

SBP

Systolic Blood Pressure (top number).

DBP

Diastolic Blood Pressure (bottom number).

LDL

"Bad" cholesterol that contributes to plaque buildup.

HDL

"Good" cholesterol that helps remove LDL.

Diabetes

Disease involving impaired blood glucose regulation.

Glucose

Body's primary fuel source.

Insulin

Hormone that moves glucose into cells.

Type 1 Diabetes

Little or no insulin production.

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin produced but not used effectively.

Insulin Resistance

Cells respond poorly to insulin.

Cancer

Uncontrolled abnormal cell growth.

COPD

Progressive lung disease reducing airflow.

Endorphins

Hormones that reduce pain and improve mood.

Sprain

Ligament stretch or tear.

Plantar Fasciitis

Inflammation of tissue on bottom of foot.

Patellar Tendinitis

Inflammation of patellar tendon.

Patella

Kneecap.

ACL

Anterior Cruciate Ligament.

MCL

Medial Collateral Ligament.

LPHC

Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex ("Core").

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Rotator cuff compressed beneath shoulder structures.

Text Neck

Neck pain associated with prolonged device use.

Healthcare Continuum

Spectrum of healthcare from prevention through rehabilitation.

Physical Therapist

Restores movement after injury or illness.

Athletic Trainer

Prevents and manages athletic injuries.

Chiropractor

Focuses on spine and nervous system function.

Registered Dietitian (RD)

Licensed nutrition professional.

Licensed Massage Therapist

Provides therapeutic soft tissue treatment.

Certified Personal Trainer (CPT)

Designs safe exercise programs within scope of practice.

Group Fitness Instructor

Leads group exercise classes.

Strength & Conditioning Coach

Trains athletes for sports performance.

Scope of Practice

Legal boundaries of a professional's responsibilities.

NASM Code of Professional Conduct

Ethical standards governing NASM Certified Personal Trainers.

What does the term evidence-based practice refer to?

The conscientious use of current research in making decisions about client care

Maximal Strength OPT Phase

Phase 4

Stabilization Endurance OPT Phase

Phase 1

Stength Endurance OPT Phase

Phase 2

Power OPT Phase

Phase 5

Muscular Development OPT Phase

Phase 3

Which organization functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations?

World Health Organization (WHO)

Which chronic diseases is the leading cause of death in both men and women?

Coronary artery disease

Which is described as a waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells?

Cholesterol

What is the most practical measurement of overweight and obesity?

BMI

What is, perhaps, the most challenging of the public health problems faced today?

Obesity, due to poor diet and physical inactivity

What are two of the most common issues at the foot and ankle complex?

Ankle sprains and plantar fasciitis

What does the term shoulder impingement syndrome refer to?

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone

Accurately describes the role of the Certified Personal Trainer

To design safe and effective exercise programs to help clients reach health, wellness, and fitness goals

Which component of the NASM Code of Professional Conduct includes: "Treat each colleague and client with the utmost respect and dignity"?

Professionalism

Which component of the NASM Code of Professional Conduct includes: "Maintain adequate liability insurance"?

Business Practice

Which component of the NASM Code of Professional Conduct includes: "Store and dispose of client records in a secure manner"?

Confidentiality

Which component of the NASM Code of Professional Conduct includes: "Accept complete responsibility for ones actions"?

Legal & Ethical

What does scope of practice represent?

All the things a professional can do within the legal boundaries of their job title

Which of the following best demonstrates an example of exercise?

A. Walking a Dog

B. Yard work

C. Weightlifting

D. Shoveling snow

C. Weightlifting

Why is weightlifting considered exercise?

It is a structured and planned form of human movement to elicit a physical adaptation.

At her annual physical, Claire found out her blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg. According to this information, which statement is true?

A. Her diastolic pressure is 70

B. Her systolic pressure is 70

C. She needs to modify her diet to bring down her blood pressure

D. She has hypertension

A. Her diastolic pressure is 70

How can health best be defined?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

What is homeostasis?

A process by which the human body continually strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium

What are the basic two types of disease?

Chronic (noncommunicable) disease and acute disease

Which injury is characterized by a sharp pain in the bottom of the heel that makes it difficult to walk?

Plantar fasciitis

What is plantar fasciitis?

Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.

Which individual is suffering from an acute disease?

A. Roger, who has Type 2 diabetes

B. Perry, who suffers from a congenital heart condition

C. Tricia, who has Type 1 diabetes

D. Jorge, who is sick with the flu

D. Jorge, who is sick with the flu

With type 1 diabetes, what hormone does the pancreas fall short in making?

Insulin

Which statement about lowering blood pressure is true?

A. Exercise can help control body weight, but it cannot improve blood flow

B. There is no direct evidence that exercise will result in lower blood pressure

C. Reducing excessive alcohol use will not have an impact on high blood pressure

D. Planned exercise alone is typically insufficient for acutely lowering and controlling hypertension

D. Planned exercise alone is typically insufficient for acutely lowering and controlling hypertension