Unit 3 - Bonding

Isoelectric

same electron configuration as noble gas

Chemical Bond

strong attraction between atoms or ions that forms when they either share or transfer electrons.

Polar Covalent

bonding between nonmetals with unequal electron sharing resulting in partial charges. (EN <=0.3)

Non-polar covalent

bonding between nonmetals with an equal electron sharing resulting in no partial charges. (0.3<EN<1.9)

Metallic bond

A bond between metals, characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons that allows conductivity and malleability.

Ionic bond

Attraction of opposite ions, between metals and nonmetals (EN>=1.9)

Octet rule

a chemical principle stating that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving stability.

Electronegativity

Measure of how tight an atom will hold onto an electron (determines the type of bond)

Mono

1

Di

2

Tri

3

Tetra

4

Penta

5

Hexa

6

Hepta

7

Octa

8

Nona

9

Deca

10

most electronegative element written last

IUPAC ordering scheme

Free Radical

Exception to octet rule, odd # of valence electrons

Free Raidical

Exception to the octet rule, odd # of valence electrons

Boron

Exception to the octet rule, “happy“ with only 6 electrons

Beryllium

Exception to the octet rule, “Happy” with only 4 electrons

Intermolecular Force (IMF)

attractive force between particles in a substance

London dispersion

nonpolar, covalent

dipole-dipole

polar covalent, without H-bonding

H-bonding

polar covalent, with H bonded to N,O, or F

Polar

non-symmetric distribution

non-polar

symmetric distribution

Bent

LAX2

Bent

L2AX2

Trigonal Planar

AX3

Trigonal Pyramidal

LAX3

Tetrahedral

AX4