Solutions and Mixtures

What is Matter?

Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass.

What is Mass?

The amount of matter present in an object, usually measured in grams, kilograms etc.

What is Volume?

The amount of space an object takes up, usually measured in millilitres or litres.

What is the Particle Theory of Matter?

1. All matter is made of tiny particles

2. There are spaces between the particles

3. All particles are always moving

4. Forces of attraction hold particles together

5. The movement of particles increases with heat energy

What is Density?

The physical property that measures how much matter packs into a certain volume.

What is the formula to calculate the Density of an Object?

• ρ=m/v (Density= Mass divided by Volume)

• m= ρxv

• v= m/ρ

measured in grams per mL (g/mL) e.g. 5g/mL or 5 g/cm³

What is Buoyancy?

The upward force that opposes the downward force of gravity, causing an object to float or rise.

If an object in water is less dense that the water, the upthrust is greater than the weight, causing it to float. Otherwise, it will sink.

What is Surface Tension?

When the molecules at the surface of a liquid are more attracted to each other that to the air above the liquid. This is because of strong bonding forces between the liquid particles that allow the particles to stick together and provide some resistance to other forces.

What is a Mixture?

Two or more substances combined that can be physically separated.

What does it mean for something to Dissolve?

It means that particles are separating and spreading out when added to another substance, like soluble Panadol tablets.

What is a Solution?

A type of mixture made of a solvent and a solute.

What is a Solute?

Any substance that can dissolve in another substance like salt.

What is a Solvent?

A substance that the solute dissolves in e.g. water- salt + water = saltwater .

What does it mean if something is Soluble?

It can be dissolved.

What does it mean if something is Insoluble?

It can’t be dissolved.

What is Concentration?

A measure of the amount of a dissolved solute in a known amount of solvent.

What is a Dilute Solution?

A solution with only a little bit of solute in the solvent.

What is a Concentrated Solution?

A solution with a lot of solute in the solvent.

What is the formula of Concentration?

C=m/v (Concentration = mass of solute/volume of solvent).

Measured in (g/L) or %(v/v) when the solute is liquid. e.g. 5g/L or 5%v/v.