Spring 25 Anatomy Lab Quiz 3 (OIA/Functions/Synergist & Antagonist)

Trapezius OIA

O: occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae

I: clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula

A: elevates, depresses, adducts, and rotates the scapula, elevates the clavicle, and extends the neck.

Levator scapulae A

A: elevates and rotates the scapula.

Rhomboideus major & minor A

A: adducts and rotates the scapula.

Serratus anterior OIA

O: lateral aspect of upper ribs

I: vertebral border of the scapula

A: protracts the shoulder and rotate the scapula.

Pectoralis minor OIA

O: anterior aspect of upper ribs

I: coracoid process of the scapula

A: depresses/protracts the shoulders and rotates the scapula.

Pectoralis major OIA

O: clavicle, sternum, and cartilages of lower ribs

I: lateral lip of the intertubercular groove just distal to the greater tubercle of the humerus

A: to flex, adduct, and medially rotate the humerus.

Deltoid OIA

O: clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: to extend, flex, and abduct the arm.

Latissimus dorsi OIA

O: spinous processes of thoracic/lumbar vertebrae and iliac crest

I: medial lip of the intertubercular groove just distal to lesser tubercle of the humerus;

A: to extend, adduct, and medially rotate the arm.

Supraspinatus OIA

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

A: to abduct the arm.

Infraspinatus OIA

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

A: to laterally rotate the arm.

Biceps brachii OIA

O: the long head originates from the upper lip of the glenoid cavity

O: the short head from the tip of the coracoid process,

I: both inserting into the radial tuberosity of the radius

A: (elbow) To flex the elbow and supinate the forearm

A: (shoulder) flexes shoulder/arm

Triceps brachii OIA

O: the long head originates from the lower lip of the glenoid cavity

O: the lateral head from the lateral surface of the humerus

O: the medial head from the medial surface of the humerus

I: all inserting into the olecranon process of the ulna

A: (elbow) to extend the elbow

A: (shoulder) to extend shoulder/arm

Coracobrachialis OIA

O: coracoid process

I: medial margin of humerus

A: adducts arm and flexes shoulder

Brachialis OIA

O: distal anterior half of humerus

I: coronoid process of ulna

A: flexes elbow

Brachioradialis function

Muscle that flexes the elbow.

Supinator function

Muscle that supinates the hand.

Pronator teres function

Muscle that pronates the hand.

Pronator quadratus function

Muscle that pronates the hand.

Flexor carpi radialis function

Muscle that flexes and abducts the wrist.

Flexor carpi ulnaris function

Muscle that flexes and adducts the wrist.

Palmaris longus function

Muscle that flexes the wrist.

Flexor digitorum function

Muscle that flexes the fingers.

Flexor pollicis function

Muscle that flexes the thumb.

Extensor carpi radialis function

extends and abducts wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris function

extends and adducts wrist

Extensor digitorum funciton

extends fingers

Extensor pollicis function

extends thumb

Interossei and lumbricals function

to abduct and adduct metacarpals and phalanges

Gluteus Maximus OIA

O: iliac crest, sacrum

I: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity

A: extends and abducts hip, laterally rotates femur

Gluteus medius OIA

O: medius on the iliac crest

I: greater trochanter

A: abducts femur

Gluteus minimus OIA

O: minimus on squama beneath crest

I: greater trochanter

A: abducts femur

Tensor fasciae latae OIA

O: iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine

I: iliotibial tract

A: flexes and abducts hip, medially rotates femur

Adductors (magnus, longus, brevis) OIA

O's - inferior pubic ramus (+ ischial tuberosity for adductor magnus)

I - linea aspera (+ adductor tubercle for adductor magnus)

A - adduct (also medial & lateral rotation of) femur

Gracilis OIA

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: medial surface at tibial tuberosity

A: adducts and medially rotates at hip, flex knee

Iliopsoas (Iliacus and psoas major) function

flexes hip

Teres minor OIA

O: lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: lateral rotation of arm

Subscapularis OIA

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

A: medial rotation of arm

Teres major OIA

O: Lateral border of scapula

I: medial lip of the intertubercular groove just distal to lesser tubercle of humerus

A: Medial rotation of arm

Vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius) OIA

O: linea aspera

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extends knee

Rectus femoris OIA

(biarticular)

O - anterior inferior iliac spine

I - tibial tuberosity

A - extends knee, flexes hip

Sartorius OIA

(biarticular)

O: Anterior superior iliac spine

I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity

A: lateral rotation of femur, flexes knee + hip, abduction

Long head of biceps femoris OIA

(biarticular)

O - ischial tuberosity

I - head of fibula

A - extends hip, flexes knee, lateral rotate of hip

Short head of biceps femoris OIA

O - distal 1.2 of linea aspera

I - head of fibula

A - flex knee

Popliteus A

Knee stabilization

Semimembranosus OIA

(biarticular)

O: ischial tuberosity

I: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

A: extends hip, flexes knee, medial rotation of hip

Semitendinosus OIA

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial surface @ tibial tuberosity

A: extends hip, flexes knee, medial rotation of hip

What muscles laterally rotate femur/hip

Gluteus maximus, Adductors, Sartorius, Long head biceps femoris,

What muscles medially rotate femur/hip

Tensor Fasciae Latae, Adductors, Gracilis, Semimembranosus, Semitendonosus

Gastrocnemius medial head OIA

(biarticular)

O - near medial epicondyle of femur

I - calcaneus

A - plantar flexes foot, flexes knee

gastrocnemius lateral head & plantaris OIA

(biarticular)

O - near lateral epicondyle of femur

I - calcaneus

A - plantar-flexes foot, flexes knee

Soleus OIA

O - posterior surface of proximal tibia & fibula

I - calcaneus

A - plantar flexes foot

What muscles make up the triceps surae

The two heads of the gastrocnemius and the soleus.

Tibialis anterior OIA

O - proximal shaft of tibia

I - base of 1st metatarsal and medial (1st) cuneiform

A - dorsi-flexes and inverts the foot

Extensor digitorum action

extends digits

Fibularis (Peroneus) longus and brevis action

everts foot, plantarflexes foot

Tibialis posterior OIA

O: proximal shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane

I: navicular, all cuneiforms, cuboid, and 2-4 metatarsal

A: inverts and plantar-flexes foot

Flexor digitorum action

flexes digits

Muscles of the posterior side of the leg from medial to lateral

Tom: Tibialis posterior

Dick: Flexor digitorum longus

Harry: Flexor hallucis longus

What muscles flex the hip

rectus femoris

sartorius

iliopsoas

tensor facia latae

what muscles extend the hip

gluteus maximus

biceps femoris long head

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

what muscles abduct the hip

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

tensor facia latae

gluteus maximus

what muscles adduct the hip

adductor longus

gracilis

adductor brevis

adductor magnus

What muscles flex the knee

biceps femoris short head

sartorius

biceps femoris long head

semitendonosis

semimembranosus

gastrocnemius medial head

gastrocnemius lateral head

What muscles extend the knee

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis,

vastus intermedius

what muscles plantarflex the ankle

gastrocnemius lateral head

gastrocnemius medial head

soleus

plantaris

flexor hallucis

flexor digitorum

tibialis posterior

what muscle dorsiflex the ankle

fibularis (tertius)

tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

what muscles invert the ankle

tibialis anterior

tibialis posterior

what muscles evert the ankle

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

fibularis tertius

what muscles flex the shoulder

deltoid

pectoralis major

coracobrachialis

biceps brachii short head

biceps brachii long head

what muscles extend the shoulder

deltoid

latissimus dorsi

triceps brachii long head

what muscles adduct the shoulder

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

what muscles abduct the shoulder

deltoid

superspinatus

what muscles flex the elbow

biceps brachii (long and short)

brachialis

brachioradialis

what muscles extend the elbow

Triceps brachii lateral head

triceps brachii medial head

Triceps brachii long head

what muscles flex the wrist

flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

palmaris longus

what muscles extend the wrist

extensor carpi radialis

extensor carpi ulnaris

what muscles adduct the wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi ulnaris

what muscles abduct the wrist

extensor carpi radialis

flexor carpi radialis

temporalis OIA

O - frontal, temporal, parietal bones

I - coronoid process of mandible

A - elevates and retracts mandible

masseter OIA

O - zygomatic arch

I - lateral surface of mandibular ramus/angle

A - elevates and protracts mandible

pterygoid lateral/medial head OIA

O - pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone

I - medial surface of mandibular ramus/angle/condyle

A - elevates, protracts, and translate the mandible

epicranius equals

occipitalis + epicranial aponeurosis + frontalis muscle

= moves scalp, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles forehead

nasalis A

wrinkles bridge of nose

orbicularis oculi A

closes eye

orbicularis oris A

closes and protrudes lips

platysma A

compresses neck/throat, depresses mandible

risorius A

retracts angle of mouth

zygomaticus A

elevates corners of mouth

levator labii superioris A

elevates upper lip

levator anguli oris A

elevates angle of mouth

buccinator A

compresses cheek

depressor labii inferioris A

depresses lower lip

depressor anguli oris A

depresses angle of mouth

sternocleidomastoid OIA

O - sternum and clavicle

I - mastoid process

A - rotates head, flexes neck

external and internal obliques A

transverse abdominis

rectus abdominis OIA

O - pubic symphysis

I - costal cartilage and xiphoid process

A - depress ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

linea alba - white

intercostals (external, internal, inner most)

external - elevate ribs

internal - depress ribs

respiratory diaphragm A

expands thorax and compresses abdomen