COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL SYSTEMS AND FIRE SAFETY PRINCIPLES

Surveillance and Signal Equipment

fire, smoke, and intruder detection and alarmsystems. In general, all signal systems require a surveillance system to process information, including transmitting it and a means of indicating the signal, either audibly, visually, or permanently on "hard copy”.

Audio and Visual Communication Equipment

telephone, intercom, public TV, and closed circuit television (CCTV).

Time Equipment

clock and program equipment

Automatic System-

uses detectors to trigger the alarm system:

Manual System

uses visual detection and the alarm is triggered by hand.

Non-Coded Manual Stations

the station locations are not identifiable at the control panel when it is manually triggered. An annunciation panel, however, can be added to the system to convert each station into a non-coded indicating zone. Beyond 10 stations, coding should be considered.

Coded Manual Stations

Each manual station is coded and this code is received at the control panel, processed, and transmitted audibly on the system gongs. The code usually comprises of 3 to 4 digits, the first number may identify the building number, the second the building floor, and the third the individual station.

Temperature Detector

the most common is the Temperature Detector called the thermostat.

Fixed Temperature Unit

triggers a set of contacts when a preset temperature is reached.

Fixed Temperature Unit

This unit is available in a one-time non-renewable design that uses a low-melting alloy

fusible plug.

Rate-of-Rise Unit

activates when the rate of ambient temperature differential exceeds a predetermined amount. This unit may be combined with the fixed temperature unit in a single housing such as in the case of an automatic resetting unit.

Photoelectric Detector

These detectors react to the obscuration of a light beam by smoke. They are best applied where fires produce considerable quantities of smoke and gas, such as those caused by slow-burning plastics.

Ionization Detector

These detectors operate by detecting ionized particles in the air. They do not detect fires producing heavy smoke but few particles such as alcohol and plastic fires.

Flame Detectors

These detectors are of two types: infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet (UV) Detectors. Applications are generally industrial and are highly sensitive.

CONTROL UNIT OR PANEL

to energize the audible devices (bells, buzzers, gongs) upon receipt of a signal from the detector Other functions include shut-off of oil and gas lines, shut off of attic fans to prevent fire spread, and turning off of lights.

Non-Coded Systems

These are continuously ringing evacuation-type alarm devices, manual or automatic, which can be zoned and identifiable by means of an annunciator.

Master Coded Systems

This system is also called the common coded or fixed coded system and generates four rounds of code.

105

When the code is set to the bells at ____ strokes per minute, the alarm is known as a march time because of the rhythmic cadence

Zone-Coded Systems

Manual stations are grouped by circuit into zones that transmit to the panel and ring the zone's code on the single-stroke gong or chimes thus immediately identifying the station.

Dual-Coded Systems

This system is a combination of the non-coded and the zone-coded systems.

Selective Coded Systems

This is a fully coded system in which all manual devices are coded and all automatic devices are arranged to trip code transmitters at the panel.

Pre-signal System

When it is desired to alert only key personnel, a system called __________ is used, where it is also selectively coded.

ALARM DEVICES

Usually audible such as bells, buzzers, gongs, and horns. The most common is the a-c vibrating bell and a weatherproof external bell to alert neighbors and passersby.

open circuit system.

A system that is usually de-energized and functions only when activated is called an _______

'supervised system"

An open circuit system that integrates a trouble light to indicate a malfunction is called a _________________

Intrusion (Burglar) Alarm System

a system whose aim is to monitor and detect unauthorized access to a building.

Intrusion (Burglar) Alarm System

to protect from burglary, vandalism, property damage, and, of course, the security of the individuals inside the building.

eye or a laser light beam

An _____________ may also be used to detect movement once blocked.

Sprinkler Alarm

Water flow switches are installed to monitor the flow of water in a sprinkler head and when triggered will trip a coded transmitter, setting off a sprinkler code to show up on a sprinkler annunciator board

DOOR AND EXIT CONTROLS

These cover electrified security door hardware that triggers an alarm when a door is opened without authorization, such as in exterior doors and doors to restricted areas.

WATCHMEN'S TOUR EQUIPMENT

This type of station allows a guard to call in through an intercom and permits a general alarm to ring through the operation of a key.

Television Antenna System

The system functions by amplifying the signal received by the TV antenna and by means of a special cable, distribute these amplified signals into the various wall outlets. A system with two or more outlets generally needs a booster amplifier.

Microphone

to pick up the sound and convert it to an alternative electric current

Amplifiers

amplifies and controls the current.

loudspeaker

The ______________ converts the amplified electric current back into a sound much louder than the original sound.

Intercom system

The _____________ comprises one or more master stations (administrative) and several remote stations which monitor the front door.

Private Automatic Branch Exchange or PABX

based on solid-state technology, thus the entire system can handle up to 500 lines and trunks, 4 operator consoles, and over 140 simultaneous conversations plus full intercom facilities, all occupying a cabinet 0.60 M X 0.70M X 1.8 M

A video surveillance system / CCTV

composed of a system of cameras, monitors/display units, and recorders.

Building Automation System (BAS)

automatic centralized control of a building’s heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, and other systems through a building management system

Robotics

branch of engineering and computer science that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots.

Intelligent buildings

are facilities that leverage complex automated systems to maximize operational efficiency and the well-being of occupants.