BI 461 Turtle Identification

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16 Terms

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Testudines

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Reptilia

Order:Testudines

15 families, 96 genera, 317 species

Four families in MI and ten species

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Vocab: Carapace, Plastron, and Scutes


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Chelydridae

Snapping turtles

Long tails

Reduced plastra (plastron)

Snappy

One MI species

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Chelydra serpentia (Snapping Turtle) - Chelydridae

Scary

Smooth dark shells as adults

Long tail w/ rows of spiked scales

Largest MI turtle at 8-20” (1.5ft+) long

<p>Scary</p><p>Smooth dark shells as adults</p><p><strong>Long tail w/ rows of spiked scales</strong></p><p><strong>Largest MI turtle at 8-20” (1.5ft+) long</strong></p>
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Kinosternidae

Musk and Mud turtles

Bottom-walking

Musk: Small plastra w/ one hinge

Mud: Larger plastra w/ two transverse hinges

One MI species of Musk

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Sternotherus odoratus (Eastern Musk Turtle) - Kinosternidae

Smallest MI species, 3-5” (<0.5 ft)

Domed carapace

Single plastron hinge

Facial stripes

Barbels on throat (like a little goatee)

<p><strong>Smallest MI species, 3-5” (&lt;0.5 ft)</strong></p><p>Domed carapace</p><p>Single plastron hinge</p><p>Facial stripes</p><p><strong>Barbels on throat (like a little goatee)</strong></p>
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Emydidae

Pond and Box turtles

Largest and most diverse family in North America

Most are aquatic or semi aquatic (not all)

Seven MI species

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Clemmys guttata (Spotted Turtle) - Emydidae

Yellow spots on dark carapace

Lower surface of face, neck, and legs are orange

No plastron hinge

Small, 3.5-5.5” long

<p><strong>Yellow spots on dark carapace </strong></p><p>Lower surface of face, neck, and legs are orange </p><p>No plastron hinge </p><p>Small, 3.5-5.5” long</p>
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Glyptemys insculpta (Wood Turtle) - Emydidae

Low central carapace keel

Well defined growth rings (annuli)

Yellow plastron w/ black blotches

Red or yellow “soft parts”

6-9” long

<p>Low central carapace keel</p><p><strong>Well defined growth rings (annuli)</strong></p><p><strong>Yellow plastron w/ black blotches</strong></p><p><strong>Red or yellow “soft parts”</strong></p><p>6-9” long</p>
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Terrapene carolina (Eastern Box Turtle) - Emydidae

Domed carapace and hinged plastron

Dark carapace w/ yellow pattern

Variable “soft part” coloring

4.5-8” long

<p>Domed carapace and hinged plastron</p><p><strong>Dark carapace w/ yellow pattern </strong></p><p>Variable “soft part” coloring </p><p>4.5-8” long</p>
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Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle) - Emydidae

Domed, dark carapace with tan/yellow spots

Hinged plastron

Yellow “smile” (awww, so cute!)

6-11” long

<p><strong>Domed, dark carapace with tan/yellow spots</strong></p><p>Hinged plastron</p><p><strong>Yellow “smile” (awww, so cute!)</strong></p><p>6-11” long</p>
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Graptemys geographica (Northern Map Turtle) - Emydidae

Broad carapace w/ moderate keel

“Map” pattern

Plain yellow plastron

Light spot behind eye

7-10” long

<p>Broad carapace w/ moderate keel </p><p><strong>“Map” pattern </strong></p><p>Plain yellow plastron </p><p>Light spot behind eye </p><p>7-10” long</p>
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Chrysemys picta (Painted Turtle) - Emydidae

Dark, unkeeled carapace

Red or yellow stripes on head and neck

Black central blotch on yellow/orange plastron

3.5-10.5” long

<p>Dark, unkeeled carapace</p><p><strong>Red or yellow stripes on head and neck </strong></p><p><strong>Black central blotch on yellow/orange plastron </strong></p><p>3.5-10.5” long</p>
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Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-Eared Slider) - Emydidae

Red “ear”

Brown carapace w/ yellow bands

Yellow plastron w/ black smudges

5-11” long

<p><strong>Red “ear” </strong></p><p><strong>Brown carapace w/ yellow bands </strong></p><p><strong>Yellow plastron w/ black smudges </strong></p><p>5-11” long</p>
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Trionychidae

Softshell turtles

No scutes

Rubbery shells w/ reduced bone structure

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Apalone spinifera (Eastern Spiny Softshell) - Trionychidae

Demonic

Long pig snout

Brown leather carapace w/ spots

5-19” long (1.5ft+)

<p>Demonic</p><p><strong>Long pig snout</strong></p><p><strong>Brown leather carapace w/ spots</strong></p><p><strong>5-19” long (1.5ft+)</strong></p>