AP Biology Unit 2 Packet Vocab Flashcards

ribosome

function: synthesizes proteins according to messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences.

membrane: not membrane bound

types of cells: located in all cells, evidence that all life has a common origin.

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

function: provides mechanical support by helping cells maintain shape and plays a role in intracellular transport.

i. rough ER is associated with membrane bound ribosomes, allows for the compartmentalization of cells, and helps carry out protein synthesis.

ii. smooth ER functions include the detoxification of cells and lipid synthesis.

membrane: membrane bound

types of cells: all eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, and protists)

golgi complex (aka golgi body/apparatus)

function:

i. correctly folding and chemically modifying newly synthesized cellular products

ii. packaging proteins for trafficking

membrane: membrane bound

types of cells: all eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, and protists)

mitochondria

function:

• a double membrane that provides compartments for different metabolic reactions involved in aerobic cellular respiration

• the outer membrane is smooth, while the inner membrane is highly convoluted, forming fonds that enable ATP to be synthesized more efficiently

membrane: membrane bound with a double bond

types of cells: all eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, protists)

lysosomes

function: membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest material. also plays a role in programmed cell death (apoptosis)

membrane: membrane bound

types of cells: all cells

vacuoles and transport vesicles

function:

i. a specialized, large vacuole maintains turgor pressure through nutrient and water storage (only in plant cells)

ii. vacuoles are smaller in size, are more plentiful than in plant cells, and stores materials (only in animal cells)

membrane: membrane bound

types of cells: all cells

nuclear envelope

function: separates the nuclear contents (DNA,RNA, and nucleoplasm) from cytosol; ensures integrity of the genome

membrane: membrane bound with a double membrane

types of cells: all eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, protists)

chloroplasts

function: location for photosynthesis

membrane: membrane bound with a double membrane

types of cells: eukaryotes (plants and algae)

cell wall

function: a structural boundary as well as a permeability barrier for some substances to the internal or external cellular environments and protection from osmotic lysis

membrane: not membrane bound

types of cells: eukaryotes (fungi and plants)

plasma membrane

function: plasma membranes separate the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. selective permeability is the result of the plasma membrane having a hydrophobic interior.

membrane: membrane itself

types of cells: all cells; evidence that all life has a common origin