Unit 1 Study Guide: Lab Safety, Scientific Method & Variables

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing essential laboratory safety rules, observations versus inferences, data types, the seven steps of the scientific method, and experimental variable classifications.

Observation

Information gathered directly through your senses (sight, touch, smell, hearing) or tools that states direct facts without interpretation.

Inference

An explanation, logical conclusion, or interpretation based on prior observations.

Quantitative Data

Measurable numerical data recorded with units that can be graphed and averaged.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive data regarding qualities such as color, texture, shape, or behavior.

Independent Variable (IV)

The factor deliberately changed or tested by the scientist, placed on the horizontal X-axis of a graph.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The factor being measured or observed that changes in response to the IV, placed on the vertical Y-axis of a graph.

Controlled Variables

Factors kept identical across all test groups to ensure valid cause-and-effect results.

Hypothesis Format (If… Then… Because…)

A testable prediction structure where 'If' states the independent variable, 'Then' states the predicted effect on the dependent variable, and 'Because' explains scientific reasoning.

Hazardous Chemical Handling Safety Rule

Always treat every chemical in the laboratory as if it could be hazardous, even if it looks harmless.

Broken Glass Safety Protocol

Never pick up broken glass with bare hands; immediately inform your teacher and use a broom, dustpan, or designated cleanup container.

Hair Safety Protocol

Long hair must be tied back or kept completely out of the way using a hairband to prevent fire and contamination hazards.

Scientific Method Step 1: Ask a Question

Formulate a clear, testable question based on an observation.

Scientific Method Step 2: Background Research / Observation

Make initial observations and gather context about the phenomenon.

Scientific Method Step 3: Form a Hypothesis

Create a testable prediction using the If… Then… Because… format.

Scientific Method Step 4: Test with an Experiment

Design and conduct a fair, controlled test.

Scientific Method Step 5: Collect & Analyze Data

Record quantitative or qualitative observations and analyze the results.

Scientific Method Step 6: Draw Conclusions

Determine whether the data supports or refutes your hypothesis.

Scientific Method Step 7: Communicate Results

Share findings with others through publications or presentations.