Rehabilitation Science and Disablement Models Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering rehabilitation history, models of disablement (ICF, Nagi), levels of care, prevention strategies, and key medical terminology.

Rehabilitation

The process that helps individuals regain, maintain, or improve their abilities after illness, injury, or disability to reach their full potential in all areas of life.

Hippocrates

Historical figure known as the father of modern medicine (460-370 BC) who began to categorize illness and disability in terms of physiology.

Galen

Physician in Rome who provided rehabilitation for injured soldiers.

Ambroise Paré

French surgeon who developed lower limb prostheses.

Clement-Joseph Tissot

Historical medical provider who learned that patients need early mobilization after surgery.

Pehr Henrik Ling

Pioneer who demonstrated that slightly more aggressive rehabilitation results in better patient outcomes.

Frank Krusen

Key creator of the physical rehabilitation field who, after contracting tuberculosis, studied physical deconditioning and developed physical rehab concepts to help people get back to work.

Howard Rusk

Key figure in creating the rehabilitation field who worked in army hospitals to improve the physical condition of patients through interdisciplinary teams and rehabilitation departments.

Physiatrist

A medical physician specializing in medical rehabilitation treatment.

Occupational Therapist (OT)

A rehabilitation professional who helps promote health, enhance independence, and support everyday living tasks and function.

Disability

Any condition of the body or mind that makes it difficult for the person to do certain activities.

Disabling Barriers

Factors that restrict participation, including inadequate policies, negative attitudes, lack of service provision, inadequate funding, lack of accessibility, and lack of data.

Primary Prevention

Health actions taken to avoid or remove the cause of a disease or disability.

Secondary Prevention

Health actions taken to detect a health problem early.

Tertiary Prevention

Health actions taken to reduce the impact of an existing disease or health problem.

Patient Experience

The combination of all interactions that occur with patient care across healthcare settings.

Acute Care Setting

Hospital setting for acute injury, illness, or surgery where rehabilitation requires 3 hours of therapy daily and patients are discharged when medically stable.

Sub-acute Care Setting

Level of rehabilitation care providing less intense therapy (1-2 hours daily) for patients who still require 24/7 nursing care with the goal of going home.

Home-based Care

Therapy delivered in the patient's house for individuals who are homebound and unable to participate in outpatient programs.

Outpatient Clinic

Rehabilitation facility where patients attend therapy visits (typically 2-3 times per week) and return home afterward.

Continuum of Care

A coordinated system that provides healthcare tailored to a patient's needs and transfers the patient seamlessly from one level of care to another.

Safe Patient Handling

Focuses on using assistive devices and proper transfer techniques to move patients safely and prevent injuries to healthcare workers.

Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

The gold standard outcome tool in rehabilitation used to objectively measure patient function across 7 standardized domains.

Medical Model of Disablement

Disablement model that views disability as directly caused by a medical condition or pathology and seeks to treat what system is not functioning correctly.

Social Model of Disablement

Disablement model that views disability as caused by environmental and societal barriers rather than individual medical conditions.

Biopsychosocial Model

Modern healthcare model that blends medical and social models by investigating and treating both biological and environmental aspects.

ICF Model

International Classification of Functioning framework that defines disability as an interaction between a health condition and contextual factors.

ICF - Body Function

Physiological functions of body systems (e.g., heart rate, muscle strength) measured in the ICF framework.

ICF - Body Structure

Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components in the ICF framework.

ICF - Impairment

A problem or abnormality in body function or structure.

ICF - Activity Limitation

Difficulty an individual may experience in executing everyday activities or tasks.

ICF - Participation Restriction

Problems or limitations an individual experiences regarding involvement or performance in life roles and social situations.

ICF - Personal Factors

Contextual factors internal to the individual, such as age, gender, social background, and emotions.

ICF - Environmental Factors

Contextual factors external to the individual, including social attitudes, legal/social structures, climate, terrain, and family support.

Active Pathology (Nagi Model)

Interruption or interference with normal cellular or physiological processes caused by disease, disorder, or injury.

Functional Limitation (Nagi Model)

Limitation in performance and execution of everyday tasks at the level of the whole person.

Disability (Nagi Model)

Limitation in performance of socially defined roles and tasks within a sociocultural and physical environment.

Primary Impairment

An impairment that results directly from a pathology (e.g., nervous system impairment directly caused by a stroke).

Secondary Impairment

An impairment that develops over time as a consequence of a primary condition (e.g., reduced mobility leading to deconditioning).

ICD-10

Diagnostic classification system used to tell healthcare providers what health condition or pathology is being treated.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Severe, progressive genetic disorder appearing in early childhood that mainly affects boys and causes muscle weakness and degeneration.