Millers Exam

Chauvet, Lascaux, Altamira

Ancient paintings discovered in France and Spain.

Willendorf Venus

A prehistoric statuette discovered in Austria.

Megalith

Term referring to one of the 'big stones' used in constructions like Stonehenge.

Cromlech

Category of megalithic structures, including Stonehenge.

Sin

The moon god considered the resident god at Ur.

Babylonian army

Credited with capturing Jerusalem and deporting Hebrews.

Narmer

Ancient Egyptian leader who unified Upper and Lower Egypt circa 3,000 B.C.E.

Amarna style

New style of art developed during the rule of Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten.

Pi

Jade disc featuring a dragon and phoenix.

Thera

Known for elaborately decorated homes and advanced sewage systems.

Bull

Creature associated with male virility and strength in Crete.

Pasiphae

Legendary Minoan queen who gave birth to the Minotaur.

Penelope

Wife of Odysseus.

Acropolis

Translated as 'top of the city'; religious center of an ancient Greek city-state.

Agora

Public meeting place, marketplace, and civic center in an ancient Greek city-state.

Entasis

Feature of columns that swell and contract, common in classical architecture.

Demes

Small local areas in the Athenian political system, similar to precincts.

Metope

Illustrations on the Parthenon depicting battles between Greeks and various enemies.

Marcus Junius Brutus

One of the assassins of Gaius Julius Caesar.

Imagines

Wax death masks used for creating naturalistic portrait busts.

Augustus of Primaporta

Sculpture featuring Cupid riding a dolphin.

Ovid

Writings viewed unfavorably by Augustus, leading to his banishment.

Georgics

Literary pieces celebrating Augustus's gift of farmlands to veterans.

Colosseum

Structure featuring different architectural orders on each level.

Pantheon

Temple containing an oculus conceived as the 'Eye of Jupiter'.

Patricians

Land-owning aristocrats in ancient Rome serving as elite officials.

Plebeians

The poorer class in ancient Rome, including craftspeople and merchants.

Wergild

The concept of a 'life-price' in Anglo-Saxon law.

Beowulf

Epic poem recounting the adventures of a Scandinavian warrior.

Augustine

Bishop credited with establishing churches in Canterbury and London.

Bishop Eadfrith

Designer of the Lindisfarne Gospels.

Roland's horn

Crafted from the ivory of an elephant's tusk.

Refectory

Dining hall where monks ate their meals.

Barrel vault

Masonry structure shaped like a half cylinder covering a space.

Voussoir

Wedge-shaped stones forming the arch in a Romanesque church.

Chartres

Center of the Virgin cult during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Tunic of Mary

Cherished relic at the Chartres Cathedral.

Stained-glass programs

Used in Gothic cathedrals to narrate biblical stories.

Tree of Jesse

Stained-glass window showing genealogy of Christ at Chartres Cathedral.

Flying buttress

Structural support allowing for larger windows in Gothic architecture.

Saint Theodore

Figure on the jamb of Chartres’ south transept portal, depicted in contrapposto.

Trivium

Consisted of Grammar, Rhetoric, and Dialectic in medieval education.

Bologna

First city to establish a university, focusing on law.

Robert de Sorbon

Organized theology students in Paris.

Peter Abelard

Logician teaching by dialectical method, author of Sic et Non.

Trotula

Recognized author of On the Diseases of Women.

Thomas Aquinas

Wrote Summa Theologiae and was a key figure in Scholasticism.

Sainte-Chapelle

Gothic church known for highest ratio of glass to stone.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Painter of the fresco Allegory of Good Government.