Cervical Region

Sternocleidomastoid - Origin

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Sternocleidomastoid - Insertion

Sternal Head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum; Clavicular Head: superior medial clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid - Action

Unilateral Contraction: ipsilateral side bend, contralateral rotation of cervical spine; Bilateral Contraction: (1) extends head at atlanto-occipital joints (2) lower cervical flexion (3) extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vert. so chin is thrust forward w/ head kept level

Trapezius - Origin

Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12

Trapezius - Insertion

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Trapezius - Action

Upper trapezius: scapular elevation; Lower trapezius: scapular depression; Middle trapezius: scapular retraction; Upper and Lower together: part of force couple that upwardly rotates scapula

Levator Scapulae - Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

Levator Scapulae - Insertion

Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine

Levator Scapulae - Peripheral Innervation

Dorsal Scapular

Levator Scapulae - Action

Scapular elevation and downward rotation

Scalenus Anterior - Origin

Transverse processes of C3-C6

Scalenus Anterior - Insertion

1st rib

Scalenus Anterior - Peripheral Innervation

Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6 (cervical VPR)

Scalenus Anterior - Action

Cervical flexion; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

Scalenus Medius - Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7

Scalenus Medius - Insertion

Superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery

Scalenus Medius - Peripheral Innervation

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (Cervical VPR)

Scalenus Medius - Action

Cervical lateral flexion; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

Scalenus Posterior - Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7

Scalenus Posterior - Insertion

External border of 2nd rib

Scalenus Posterior - Peripheral Innervation

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8 (Cervical VPR)

Scalenus Posterior - Action

Cervical lateral flexion; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

Digastric (anterior/posterior belly, and intermediate tendon) - Peripheral Innervation

Nerve to mylohyoid a branch of inferior alveolar nerve; Digastric (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Digastric (anterior/posterior belly, and intermediate tendon) - Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid as a suprahyoid muscle

Stylohyoid - Peripheral Innervation

Sylohyoid (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Stylohyoid - Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid as a suprahyoid muscle

Mylohyoid - Peripheral Innervation

Nerve to mylohoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve(from mandicular nerve CN V3)

Mylohyoid - Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid as a suprahyoid muscle

Geniohyoid - Peripheral Innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to geniohyoid

Geniohyoid - Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid as a suprahyoid muscle

Sternohyoid - Peripheral Innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Sternohyoid - Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage as an infrahyoid muscle

Omohyoid (superior and inferior belly) - Peripheral Innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Omohyoid (superior and inferior belly) - Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage as an infrahyoid muscle

Sternothyroid - Peripheral Innervation

C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Sternothyroid - Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage as an infrahyoid muscle

Thyrohyoid - Peripheral Innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to thyrohyoid

Thyrohyoid - Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage as an infrahyoid muscle