Lab 4: Circulatory System

Artery

Carries blood away from the heart.

Vein

Carries blood toward the heart.

Open circulatory system

Fluid leaves vessels and enters body sinuses; clam and crayfish.

Closed circulatory system

Blood stays within vessels; perch and frog.

PERCH — Sinus venosus

Collects systemic venous blood and sends it to atrium.

PERCH — Atrium

Receives from sinus venosus; sends blood to ventricle.

PERCH — Ventricle

Adds pressure; pumps blood into conus arteriosus.

PERCH — Conus arteriosus

Carries blood from ventricle into ventral aorta.

PERCH — Ventral aorta

Sends oxygen-poor blood toward gills.

PERCH — Dorsal aorta

Distributes oxygenated blood from gills to body.

PERCH — Hepatic portal vein

Carries nutrient-rich blood from digestive tract to liver.

PERCH — Posterior cardinal vein

Drains posterior body and kidneys toward heart.

PERCH — circulation pathway

Sinus venosus → atrium → ventricle → conus → ventral aorta → gills → dorsal aorta → body.

PERCH — circulation type

Single circulation: blood passes through heart once per circuit.

CRAYFISH — Heart

Pumps hemolymph through an open circulatory system.

CRAYFISH — Ostia

Openings that let returning hemolymph enter the heart.

CRAYFISH — Ophthalmic artery

Supplies head and anterior alimentary canal.

CRAYFISH — Antennal arteries

Supply antennae, stomach, and other head regions.

CRAYFISH — Hepatic arteries

Supply the hepatopancreas.

CRAYFISH — Dorsal abdominal artery

Supplies abdominal muscles and intestine.

CRAYFISH — Sternal artery

Supplies appendages and gills.

CRAYFISH — Gills

Major gas-exchange structures.

CRAYFISH — circulation pathway

Heart → arteries → body sinuses/tissues → ostia → heart.

CLAM — Heart

Three-chambered: two auricles and one ventricle.

CLAM — Auricles

Receive returning blood from mantle/gills and send it to ventricle.

CLAM — Ventricle

Main pumping chamber; sends blood into aortas.

FROG — Right atrium

Receives mostly oxygen-poor systemic venous blood.

FROG — Left atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs through pulmonary veins.

FROG — Ventricle

Receives blood from both atria and pumps into both circuits.

FROG — Conus arteriosus

Contains spiral valve; sends blood into truncus arteriosus.

FROG — Truncus arteriosus

Major arterial trunk leading to systemic and pulmocutaneous arches.

FROG — Pulmocutaneous arch

Sends blood to lungs and skin for gas exchange.

FROG — Systemic arch

Supplies systemic circulation and contributes to dorsal aorta.

FROG — Carotid arch

Supplies the head.

FROG — Dorsal aorta

Supplies posterior body and abdominal organs.

FROG — Postcava

Major vein returning blood from posterior body toward heart.

FROG — Hepatic portal vein

Carries nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs to liver.

FROG — C-S-P order

Carotid → Systemic → Pulmocutaneous.

FROG — C-S-P orientation

Anterior → posterior.

FROG — circulation type

Double circulation: heart → lungs/skin → heart → body → heart.

Perch vs frog

Perch = single circulation; frog = double circulation.