western art history - test 2

Quentin Massys, The Money Changer and His wife (1514), oil on panel

A man (a money changer) is sitting at a table carefully weighing coins, his wife next to him, turning pages in a book

Albrecht Durer, the four apostles (1526), oil on wood panel

2 panels: the left panel is Saint John holding an open bible in the foreground and saint peter is behind him holding the golden key of the papacy the right side is saint mark in the background holding a scroll and Saint Paul is n the foreground holding a book and a sword

Albrecht Durer, Melancholia (1524) engraving

A brooding/melancholy women (looking androgynous) sitting with her head resting on her hand with a small winged chid next to her, the figure representing unreflective craft/creation

Pieter Aertsen, the butchers stall (1551), oil on panel

A butcher shop depicted with great detail and featuring a cow’s head, there is a flag/hanging signal in the background that this was taking time during a fasting/tie where no one would eat any meat, so all this was going to waste

Pieter Bruegrol, hunters in the snow (1565), oil on panel

Using a high view-point from the top of a cliff looking over a village, the viewer is walking with the hunters/standing amongst them, there are dogs there too and there is a noticeable lack in food/hunt they brought back (grim winter, not much of a catch)

Jacopo Pontormo, decomposition of christ

Renaissance naturalism, linear perspective a deep spacial illusion, featuring a swooning Virgin Mary and a bloodless Christ — there are many figures in blue/pink/light colors, almost like this was a choreographed dance captured in place

Bronzino, allegory of Cupid and venus (1545), oil on wood

Mannerism in contortion of the bodies, circular motion cross the painting, moral battles being featured as people (and moral battles wth te story that follows the piece)

Giambologna, abductions of the sabine women (1579-83), marble statue

Story of men in a village needing wife’s and going to the neighboring village to take the woman to be their wife’s and have children with them (and killing the men in the village), very detailed bodies tangled together

Titan, pastoral concert (1508-11)

Pastoral scene with two well dressed men and they’re in a garden/park talking while there are these two naked women in front of them, one of them trying to get their attention, another holding something by the edge of the painting, ment to symbolize poetry for the time

Titan, venus of urbino (1538), oil on canvas

Women naked looking at the viewer sensually/comfortably while her maids grab her the dress she’s wearing that day, they grab it out of an expensive chest that shows the lady’s richness, the dog on the bed relaxing and sleeping next to her also shows comfortability and richness

Palladio, villa rotunda, Italy (building)- 1550

Plain on the outside, very detailed on the inside, very structura with squares and circles, entrances on all sides of the building so anyone can enter/leave on any side

Tantoretlo, last supper rendition (1594), oil on canvas

Use of pitch black background and the bright/illuminated figured, bright very noticeable halo on Christ, feels like the viewer is in the scene as apposed to just looking AT the scene like the original, linear perpective, Tenebrism

Caravaggio, the calling of st. Matthew (1599-1600), oil on canvas

Depicting a biblical moment of Matthew and Jesus is calling him (even tho he is corrupt) to become his disciple, dramatic use of Tenebrism, Jesus’s hand extending out referencing Adam’s hand from the Creation of Adam

Caravaggio, cardsharps (1595), oil on canvas

Two men playing a card game, the an on the left is obviously richer than the other man due to the clothing (you can tell the other man is trying to parade more rich bc the tacked on sleeves falling apart) and there is another man helping him cheat (he is also poor, seen by his ripped gloves and appreance)

Artemesia, Judith slaying holoferres (1620), oil on canvas

Judith took Holoferres’s own sword a killed him with it-with the help of her maidservant, forcefully decapitatied him

Zurbaran, Christ on a cross (1627), oil on canvas

Extreme detail in the cloth and hosts muscles as he is on the cross

Velazquez, las meninas (1656), oil on canvas

Royal young child seen getting dressed by her maids while also being entertained and painted by the artist, you can see a man leaving the room in the mirror in the background, contrasting light vs dark, dog and small people showing trying to be entertaining to the child

Rubens elevation of the cross (1610-11), oil on wood

Putting Christ on the cross, immense detail and clustering of figures that are holding him up and lifting his body up to the cross

Bernini, ecstasy of st Teresa in the Cornaro chapel (Rome), 1647-52 - statue

Intimate scene with an angel and Saint Teresa, after withdrawing an arrow from Teresa’s body she felt consumed by god, describing the experience as intense/agonizing/sweet/spiritual pain

Bernini’s version of “David”, (1623) - marble statue

Compared to Michealangelo’s, this version is actually life-sized (5’7) and has more definition of hair, muscles and facial features, the statue is actively IN THE MOMENT of releasing the rock from the sling-shot —> compare to right before the moment the original features

Borromini building, San Carlo (Rome), 1666-7

Unique building, curvy-architecture, unusual appearance outside, inside there is a big dome that is very detailed and has many different shapes carved into the dome itself

Hardoun-Mansart, Hall of mirrors, Versailles (1678-84)

All gold interior, big windows + the mirrors are the gold shine and give it more attention/look better, sam wit the chandeliers in the hallway

Rememberant, the anatomy lesson of dr. Tulp (1632), oil on canvas

Anatomy lesson performed on a dead mans arm- dissecting the human body and demonstrating for a group of men, feeling like we are i the room with the men, clustered bodes on-top of one another

Rememberant, Christ healing the sick (1646-50) - etching/engraving/drypoint

Use of god light and dark impressive technique/showing off skills, christ healing many people, people clustered up, a lot of little detail (impressive for etching/engraving/drypoint)

Judith Lester Merry trio/Last drop (1629), oil n canvas

Merry trio: playing music, drinking, expressing having fun, happy feelings

Last drop: off balance figures being in the moment, skeleton in the background holding an hourglass (the men can’t see it but the viewer can), showing time and that we all die/representing time and death

Clara Peeters, still life with cheese (1615), oil on panel

Showing off the skills the artists have, very well use of implied texture, “cheese upon cheese is a sin”, the artist signed the piece at the knife and you can see her reflection in the cap of the bottle in the piece

Vermeer, young woman holding a balance (1664), oil on canvas

Woman is weighing pearls, behind hr there is a religious painting mimicking her actions, beautiful use of lighting, bringing the viewer into the piece, the woman looks like she may be pregnant

Vermeer, view of delft (1660-1)

No symbolic meaning - literally just a photograph/replica of a town, landscape

What new forms of art were introduced around the 1500s?

Génère scenes, landscapes, still life’s

What was protested the 1510s? - in relation to religion

Protesting catholic practices, anting more personal responsibility for faith

Engraving (definition)

A carving design/text/pattern into a hard surface (usually metal)

Catholic counter-reformation (definition)

A major internal reform within the Roman Catholic Church

Mannerism (definition)

Highly stylized art, enlongating/showng off the human body parts (usually the arms, neck, torso) to heighten the elegance

Design vs color

Design: architecture based (form, structure lines)

Color: emotional/mood based (hue, saturation, light)

Atmospheric vs linear perspective

Atmospheric: color, clarity, watercolor-looking/faded details (usually the background)

Linear: geometric, horizontal line

baroque (definition)

Extravagant style of art, description of anything elaborate/complex, flourished from the 1600s to the mid 18th century

Tenebrism (definition)

Painting style, violent/extreme contrasts between lights and darks dramatically illuminating the subject (like a spotlight)

Etching (definition)

Printmaking technique using acid to cut/burn into a metal plate, creating lines that an then be transféré to paper with ink

Drypoint (definition)

Printmaking technique, scratching into a printing plate using a sharp object (usually metal/diamond tipped needle), used to get finer details because etching is hard to get the little details